Testicular cancer is a relatively uncommon cancer that affects the testicles, and the male reproductive organs located in the scrotum. It typically affects men between 15-49, with a peak incidence in the late 20s and early 30s. Most people often question whether testicular cancer can affect their sexuality and fertility. We spoke to our expert Dr Raju R, MBBS MS MCH Urology, Consultant Urologist and Andrologist, Apollo Spectra Hospital, Bengaluru, who explained testicular cancer and answered if it affects your sexuality and fertility.
According to StatPearls, testicular cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among men aged 15 to 45. Its incidence has doubled over the past four decades. It accounts for 1% of all male tumours and 5% of urological cancers.
What Are The Symptoms Of Testicular Cancer?
Testicular cancer originates in the testes, the male reproductive glands responsible for producing sperm and testosterone. The disease often manifests as a lump or swelling in the testicle, sometimes accompanied by pain or discomfort.
“Other symptoms associated with testicular cancer include sudden fluid build-up in the scrotum known as hydrocele. It can result in a dull pain in the lower abdomen or groin and a feeling of discomfort can be experienced,” added Dr Raju.
Furthermore, any observable difference in the size, shape, or structure of the testicle may be witnessed and must be addressed. This may indicate that one testicle has either swelled or shrunk which is known as testicular atrophy or shrinking testicle. In certain cases, an individual may experience back pain due to the spreading of cancer to lymph nodes or other body parts.
Also Read: Why Should Men Be Aware Of Testicular Cancer, Know Its Early Warning Signs
Causes Of Testicular Cancer
One of the foremost causes of testicular cancers is the development of germ cells in the testicles that procreate into a lump or tumour. “These germ cells can be categorised into two types, seminoma, which slowly affects men aged around 40, and non-seminoma, which grows rapidly unlike seminoma, involving men in their late 20s or 30s,” said Dr Raju.
How Does Testicular Cancer Affect the Reproductive System?
“Testicular cancer affects the reproductive system of men due to the formation of a lump or tumour in the testicles. The testicles are a component of the reproductive system of men and are responsible for producing male sex hormones and sperm,” said Dr Raju.
Does Testicular Cancer Impact Sexuality and Fertility?
One of the primary concerns for men diagnosed with testicular cancer is the potential impact on sexuality and fertility. The testes play a crucial role in sperm production, and any disruption can have significant repercussions.
Impact on Sexuality
While undergoing treatment for testicular cancer the effect on sexuality can be both physical and psychological. Testosterone production can be affected, particularly if both testicles are removed or if the remaining testicle is damaged by treatment.
Dr Raju added, “Low testosterone levels can lead to decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and other symptoms of hypogonadism. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) can effectively manage these symptoms, helping men maintain a healthy sex life.”
Impact on Fertility
"It is not uncommon for men with testicular cancer to experience suboptimal sperm production even before treatment begins. Studies have shown that up to 50% of men with testicular cancer have abnormal semen parameters at diagnosis. This is due to factors like hormonal imbalances and the body's response to the tumour," highlighted Dr Raju.
Also Read: Steps Men Can Take To Check For Testicular Cancer Symptoms
Psychological Effects Of Testicular Cancer
A person may suffer from psychological effects like anxiety, depression, mental breakdown and body image issues while undergoing a cancer diagnosis and treatment. These factors can affect sexual desire and performance and affected individuals rely on emotional and moral support from doctors.
Importance Of Early Detection And Treatment
“Early detection and treatment are crucial for a favourable prognosis, with survival rates exceeding 95% when caught early. Treatments for testicular cancer include orchiectomy (surgery), radiation, and chemotherapy,” said Dr Raju.
In procedures like orchiectomy, the process of removing one or both testicles may affect fertility. Thus, men should consider sperm banking before treatment, as cancer tissues can affect healthy sperm. Sperm banking is a simple process that safeguards future family planning.
Bottomline
Dr Raju concluded, “Although testicular cancer and its treatment can affect fertility and sexuality, many men lead fulfilling lives post-diagnosis. Effective management relies on early detection, proactive fertility preservation, and comprehensive medical and psychological support. While most men recover well, some may need more time based on treatment dosage.”
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your own professional if you are dealing with any health issues to avoid complications.]