Is Swelling In The Feet A Sign Of Heart Failure? Here’s When To Be Concerned

The Connection Between Swollen Feet and Heart Failure

Dr Nischal N Hegde, Interventional Cardiologist, Bangalore Hospitals Jayanagar, Bangalore, explains that swelling in the feet can indeed be a symptom of heart failure. “When the heart’s pumping efficiency is diminished and is reflected by a reduced ejection fraction. Blood may also back up in the veins, leading to fluid buildup in the lower extremities,” he says. This condition is commonly seen in cases of right-sided or congestive heart failure.

In heart failure, the body struggles to circulate blood efficiently. This causes fluid retention, particularly in the legs and feet, leading to visible swelling. However, Dr Hegde emphasises that swollen feet alone are not always a sign of heart failure; other symptoms often accompany it.

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When Should You Be Worried About Swollen Feet?

While occasional swelling can be harmless, certain red flags warrant concern:

• Persistent or Worsening Swelling: Swelling that doesn’t improve with rest or elevation.
• Accompanying Symptoms: Shortness of breath, fatigue, chest discomfort, or reduced exercise capacity.
• Painful or Warm Swelling: Redness or warmth around the swollen area may signal an infection or inflammation.
• Sudden Weight Gain: Rapid weight increase could indicate fluid retention due to an underlying medical condition.
• Dr Hegde advises seeking medical attention if any of these symptoms occur alongside foot swelling.

Other Causes of Swollen Feet

It’s important to note that swollen feet aren’t always linked to heart issues. Other potential causes include:

• Kidney or Liver Disease: Impaired organ function can lead to fluid retention.
• Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Weak veins struggle to return blood to the heart.
• Prolonged Standing or Sitting: Temporary swelling may occur after extended periods of inactivity.
• Side Effects of Medications: Certain drugs like steroids or blood pressure medications can cause swelling.

Scientific Insight: A Study on Oedema and Heart Failure

A study published in The American Journal of Cardiology found that peripheral oedema (swelling in the legs and feet) is one of the most common symptoms in patients with congestive heart failure. The study revealed that nearly 80% of individuals with right-sided heart failure experienced significant swelling in their lower extremities. Researchers emphasised that early detection and treatment are crucial for preventing complications associated with fluid retention.

How to Manage Swollen Feet

If you notice swelling in your feet, here are some steps you can take:

• Elevate Your Legs: Prop your legs up above heart level to reduce fluid buildup.
• Stay Active: Regular movement improves blood circulation and prevents pooling.
• Reduce Salt Intake: High sodium levels can worsen fluid retention.
• Wear Compression Stockings: These can help improve circulation and reduce swelling.

However, if swelling persists despite these measures or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, consult a healthcare professional immediately.

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Conclusion

Swollen feet might seem like a minor inconvenience, but they can sometimes signal serious health conditions like heart failure. Dr Nischal N Hegde highlights that “a comprehensive clinical evaluation is crucial to pinpoint the underlying cause.” If you experience persistent swelling along with symptoms such as shortness of breath or chest discomfort, seek medical advice promptly.