As we age, our eyesight naturally weakens. While some lose their ability to see things up close, others find it difficult to recognise objects at a distance or differentiate between colours. In fact, at least 2.2 billion people have near or distant vision, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Some people even develop chronic eye-related conditions that make it challenging to perform daily activities.
Though older people cannot escape some level of vision impairment, younger individuals can take measures to reduce their risk of common eye diseases and disorders. Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Sujatha T, Consultant Ophthalmologist, Dr Agarwals Eye Hospital, Kalyan, Mumbai, sheds light on the same.
Also Read: Foods To Keep Your Eyesight Sharp And How To Avoid Cataract?
How Ageing Impacts Your Vision
According to the WHO, refractive errors and cataracts are the leading causes of vision impairment and blindness around the world. While vision loss affects people of all ages, those aged 50 and above are at a greater risk of vision impairment and blindness, as per the global health body.
Some of the most common changes that occur in the eyes and vision include:
Presbyopia: Reduced ability to focus on close objects due to changes in the lens elasticity.
Dry eyes: Decreased tear production and reduced tear quality.
Cataracts: Clouding of the eye's natural lens, leading to blurred vision.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Gradual deterioration of the macula, affecting central vision.
Glaucoma: Increased pressure within the eye, damaging the optic nerve and causing peripheral vision loss.
Decreased night vision: Difficulty seeing in low light conditions due to changes in the retina and lens.
Risk Factors For Vision Loss
While age is one of the most common risk factors for vision impairment and blindness, other factors that can contribute to it include:
- Those with a family history of eye diseases such as AMD and glaucoma.
- Smoking increases the risk of developing cataracts, AMD, and other eye diseases.
- People with chronic health conditions like diabetes and hypertension
- Individuals with prolonged sun exposure and ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure can increase the risk of cataracts and AMD.
- Those with poor nutrition
Measures Young People Should Take For Their Eye Health
By adopting preventive measures early on, young people can reduce the likelihood of developing age-related eye complications in the future, says Dr Sujatha. These include:
- Scheduling comprehensive eye exams to detect any early signs of eye disease and ensuring timely intervention
- Wearing UV-blocking sunglasses outdoors and safety goggles during activities with potential eye hazards
- Maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids to support eye health
- Quitting smoking or refraining from starting, as smoking is a significant risk factor for various eye diseases
- Managing chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension through regular check-ups and medication adherence
- Following proper hygiene practices, especially when handling contact lenses
- Taking regular breaks from digital devices to reduce eye strain and fatigue
- Regularly exercising
- Educating yourself about the family history of eye diseases and being proactive in discussing preventive measures with eye care professionals.
Conclusion
The risk of vision loss increases with age. In fact, there is no way to evade it. However, taking the necessary steps and making healthy lifestyle choices, such as eating a nutrient-rich diet, protecting the eyes from harmful UV rays, and avoiding smoking, can help reduce your risk of age-related conditions such as macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataracts. Also, managing chronic conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, can contribute to preserving vision as one ages. Ensure that you prioritise eye care, go for regular screenings, and adopt healthy habits.