Signs Your Lungs Are Severely Distressed: How To Protect Yourself

Severe Air Quality Index (AQI) in Delhi has raised alarming concerns among people, particularly in individuals with respiratory issues. Exposure to poor air quality and different types of air pollutants is said to cause lung problems and may contribute to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a common condition that occurs when fluid builds up in the air sacs of the lungs. 

In a study published in the Annals of Intensive Care, researchers found that ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter are linked to an increased risk of ARDS and associated mortality. This is why we spoke to Dr Piyush Goel, Consultant Pulmonologist, Manipal Hospital, Gurugram, to understand what lung distress is, its signs, and ways to stay protected amid rising air pollution. 

Also Read: Delhi's Air Quality Dips To Very Poor: Why You Should Be Concerned And Steps To Take

What Is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

Dr Goel said, a distressed lung basically comprises breathlessness and excessive cough leading to low oxygen levels. 

ARDS is a lung condition that occurs when fluid starts to gather inside the tiny air sacs of the lungs. In the process, a foamy substance, called surfactant that keeps your lungs from fully expanding and allows you to breathe, breaks down. Both these processes make it difficult for your lungs to fill in air and move enough oxygen into the bloodstream and throughout the body, leading to lung distress.  

According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), most people who develop ARDS either suffer from another disease or have experienced a major injury. The condition can develop over a few days or can get worse very quickly, the US Health body adds. 

Signs Of Severe Lung Distress

The first symptom of ARDS is usually shortness of breath, says the NHLBI.  Other common symptoms include: 

• Low blood oxygen
• Rapid breathing
• Clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lungs when breathing
• Confusion and extreme tiredness

How To Protect Your Lungs Amid Severe Air Pollution

According to Dr Goel, managing lung issues involves multifactorial approaches. 

He said, “If you have a stable chronic lung disease, there is a high chance that you may develop a new infection, which is why it is advised to not discontinue your medications, even if ur stable.”

“If you develop a new infection or experience excessive breathlessness or cough, visit a pulmonologist during the early stages rather than waiting for the symptoms to worsen and become severe,” he added. 

Also Read: Things That Make You Prone To Lung Cancer Other Than Smoking

To prevent lung issues and reduce the risk of ARDS amid rising pollution levels, here are a few measures to keep in mind:

• Use an N95 mask on regular basis
• Drink plenty of fluids
• Get a vaccination to prevent getting infections
• Avoid doing outdoor exercises
• Use air purifiers at home

You should also quit smoking, avoid drinking alcohol, manage your stress levels,and eat a healthy diet, advised Dr Goel. 

Conclusion

A damage to the lung's air sacs can lead to ARDS. Factors, such as infections like COVID-19, pneumonia, or sepsis, air pollution, smoking, alcohol consumption, and an injury can increase the risk of the condition. Therefore, to prevent ARDS or reduce its risk, one must get routine vaccines against infection, avoid tobacco smoke, and limit exposure to pollution. If you have any doubts, speak with your doctor or healthcare provider, who can provide the best possible approach.