Sanya Malhotra, known for her role as Babita Phogat in ‘Dangal,’ recently disclosed her diagnosis of endometriosis. In an interview, the 32-year-old actress shared that she learned about her condition at the beginning of 2024. This diagnosis has prompted her to prioritise her health and fitness more. Malhotra expressed that understanding the reasons behind her body fluctuations has been enlightening, and she is now on a journey of prioritising health. Her comment sheds light on the often misunderstood condition, which can significantly impact the quality of life for those affected.
What is Endometriosis?
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The World Health Organisation (WHO) explains endometriosis as a gynaecological condition characterised by the growth of tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrial tissue) outside the uterine cavity. This can lead to inflammation, pain, and various complications, including infertility. It is estimated that approximately 6-10% of women of reproductive age suffer from this condition, with symptoms often beginning in adolescence.
Dr. Anjali Kumar, Director Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram, explains that the inner layer of the uterus is called the "endometrium" and during a woman's period, this layer breaks down and leaves the body. However, if endometrial-like cells grow outside the uterus and attach to other organs, it is known as endometriosis. She further gave a few key points about the condition.
- Impact: Affects women physically, mentally, and emotionally.
- Prevalence: About 3 in 10 women in India suffer from endometriosis.
- Common Locations: Cells can grow in the fallopian tubes, ovaries, intestines, and pelvic area.
- Pain: Hormonal changes during periods can cause these sensitive cells to swell, increasing pain.
Symptoms Of Endometriosis
The early symptoms of endometriosis can vary from person to person, but below are a few common signs.
- Painful Periods: Severe cramps that may start before and last throughout the menstrual cycle.
- Pelvic Pain: Ongoing pain in the lower abdomen or back, which can occur at any time.
- Heavy Bleeding: Excessive menstrual bleeding or spotting between periods.
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Symptoms such as diarrhoea, constipation, nausea, or bloating, especially during menstruation.
- Pain with Urination or Bowel Movements: Discomfort when using the bathroom during periods.
- Fatigue: Extreme tiredness that is not relieved by proper rest during periods.
- Difficulty Getting Pregnant: Infertility may be a first indication for some women.
What Are The Causes Of Endometriosis?
According to a study published on PubMed, the exact cause of endometriosis remains unclear, but several theories exist. One prevalent theory suggests that retrograde menstruation, where menstrual blood flows backwards through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity, may contribute to the condition. Some of the other causes are mentioned below.
- Genetic Factors: Endometriosis tends to run in families, and it suggests a possible genetic link.
- Immune System Issues: A malfunctioning immune system may fail to recognise and eliminate endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus.
- Hormonal Influence: High levels of estrogen may promote the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus.
- Surgical Complications: Endometrial cells may be inadvertently transported during surgeries, such as cesarean sections or hysterectomies.
- Transformation of Other Cells: Hormonal changes might cause other types of cells in the body to transform into endometrial-like cells.
Treatment of Endometriosis
Dr. Teena Thomas, Consultant Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Apollo Cradle & Children’s Hospital, Brookefield, Bengaluru, recommends several treatment options for endometriosis.
- Hormone Therapy: Using oral contraceptives can reduce pain by slowing endometrial tissue growth, but it is not a permanent solution.
- Progesterone Pills: These have shown better results in suppressing endometriosis symptoms.
- Progesterone IUD: This device helps alleviate pain and heavy bleeding while slowing disease progression.
- Endometrial Ablation: A surgical procedure that removes or destroys scarred endometrial tissue, often performed laparoscopically.
- Hysterectomy: As a last resort, this surgery removes the uterus and possibly the ovaries, significantly improving pain but inducing menopause.
Conclusion
Endometriosis is a significant condition that can greatly impact women's lives. If you experience severe pain or other issues during your menstrual cycle, it is crucial to consult your doctor promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment of the condition can help manage symptoms and improve your quality of life.