Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer are prevalent urological conditions that significantly impact men, particularly as they age. BPH involves a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, while prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that can potentially spread if not treated promptly. Both conditions share urinary symptoms, such as frequent urination, urgency, and nocturia, yet prostate cancer is a more serious threat.
Prevalence and Risk Factors
“In India, the prevalence of BPH is approximately 50% in men over the age of 60. The surge in cases can be attributed to factors like an ageing population, increased obesity rates, and changes in lifestyle habits. Shared risk factors for both conditions include age, family history, and lifestyle factors such as obesity and poor dietary habits. These risk factors underline the importance of proactive health management, particularly in an ageing society,” said Dr Shreyas N - Consultant Urologist, Fortis Hospital Cunningham Road, Bengaluru.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
According to Dr Shreyas, the symptoms of BPH and prostate cancer overlap, featuring frequent urination, urgency, weak urine stream, hesitancy, incomplete bladder emptying, and urinary dribbling. Recognising these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention. Seeking medical attention for diagnosis is imperative, as early detection significantly influences the outcome. Early diagnosis not only aids in prompt treatment but also helps prevent complications such as urinary tract infections, kidney damage, and sexual dysfunction.
Also read: Benign prostatic hyperplasia : Know about enlarged prostate
Treatment Options
Treatment for BPH
“The approach to treating BPH depends on the severity of the condition and individual patient circumstances. Lifestyle changes, including weight management, a balanced diet, and regular exercise, can significantly improve symptoms. Medications are available to relax prostate and bladder muscles, making urination easier,” said Dr Shreyas. Minimally invasive procedures such as laser therapy and prostatic urethral lift offer options for shrinking the prostate or removing excess tissue. In severe cases, surgery may be recommended.
Treatment for Prostate Cancer
Treatment for prostate cancer is multifaceted, ranging from active surveillance for low-risk cases to more aggressive interventions for higher-risk scenarios. Active surveillance involves monitoring the cancer through regular tests and biopsies. Surgery, either radical prostatectomy or robotic prostatectomy, is a common and effective option.
“Radiation therapy, utilising high-energy beams, can be administered through external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, or stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Hormone therapy, aimed at lowering testosterone levels to slow cancer growth, can be used alone or in combination with other treatments,” Dr Shreyas explained.
Also read: Risk, Symptoms And Causes of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
BPH and prostate cancer are prevalent and impactful conditions affecting men, especially as they age. Acknowledging the shared symptoms and risk factors, along with understanding the diverse treatment options, is crucial for individuals and healthcare providers alike. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are pivotal in preventing complications and enhancing the quality of life for those affected. If experiencing symptoms associated with BPH or prostate cancer, seeking timely medical attention is the first step towards effective management and improved long-term outcomes. As the prevalence of these conditions continues to rise, awareness, regular screenings, and lifestyle modifications become indispensable elements of men's health in India and beyond.