Childhood cancer is a devastating reality that affects thousands of families around the world. Among the various forms of cancer that can strike children, blood cancer, or leukaemia, is one of the most common.
This type of cancer develops in children aged 0 to 18 years. Childhood cancer is usually classified as either blood cancers or solid tumours. According to Dr Juhi Shah, Consultant Paediatric Oncology, Fortis Hospital Mulund, the most prevalent cancer is leukaemia, and in case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia the body's white blood cells are affected. “Brain tumours are the second most frequent type of cancer, followed by neuroblastoma (adrenal gland tumours) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (lymph node tumours),” she added.
Risk Factors
It's essential to note that having one or more of these risk factors doesn't necessarily mean a child will develop blood cancer, but they may increase the likelihood:
Genetic Predisposition
Some children may inherit genetic mutations that increase their risk of developing blood cancer. Certain genetic syndromes, like Down syndrome and Li-Fraumeni syndrome, are associated with a higher risk.
Exposure to Radiation
High levels of radiation exposure, whether due to medical treatments or environmental factors, have been linked to an increased risk of blood cancer.
Also read: Hereditary Breast Cancer: Expert Explains Its Risk and Management
Chemical Exposures
Prolonged exposure to certain chemicals or toxins, such as benzene, may raise the risk of developing leukaemia.
Immune System Disorders
Children with compromised immune systems, such as those who have undergone organ transplants, may have an elevated risk.
Previous Cancer Treatment
Children who have undergone previous cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation, for a different type of cancer may be at higher risk.
Also read: Can New-Onset Diabetes Be A Symptom Of Pancreatic Cancer? Doctor Answers
Symptoms
The symptoms of blood cancer in children can be subtle and may vary depending on the specific type of leukaemia. It's essential for parents and caregivers to be vigilant and consult a healthcare professional if they notice any of the following signs:
- Fatigue: Unexplained and prolonged fatigue or weakness can be an early sign.
- Frequent Infections: Recurring infections or illnesses may indicate a weakened immune system.
- Easy Bruising or Bleeding: Unusual bruising or bleeding, like nosebleeds, can be a symptom of blood cancer.
- Pale Skin: A child with anaemia may appear unusually pale.
- Bone and Joint Pain: Persistent pain in bones and joints, especially in the legs, can be a sign.
- Enlarged Lymph Nodes: Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groyne can be a symptom.
- Fever: Unexplained and persistent fevers are cause for concern.
- Loss of Appetite and Weight Loss: A significant and unexplained decrease in appetite and weight loss should not be ignored.
- Abdominal Discomfort: Enlarged organs like the liver and spleen can cause abdominal discomfort.
Childhood blood cancer, although a distressing diagnosis, is treatable, and early detection is key to improving outcomes. Understanding the risk factors and recognising the symptoms is vital for timely diagnosis and effective treatment. If you suspect your child may be showing any of these symptoms, consult an oncologist promptly. Increased awareness, research, and ongoing support for affected families are crucial steps in the fight against childhood blood cancer.