Nosebleeds are termed as rare but may cause concern if they occur frequently. It is important to understand the various causes of recurring nosebleeds is critical for effective treatment and prevention.
According to a study published in the European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, nosebleeds, also known as epistaxis, are the most common ear, nose, and throat emergency symptom.
Dry Air
“Winter air is inherently dry due to lower humidity levels, both indoors and outside. Cold air has a lower moisture content than warm air, causing the nasal passages to dry up. When the nasal membranes grow dry and inflamed, the delicate blood vessels in the nose, known as capillaries, are more likely to burst. This is a common cause of winter nosebleeds,” said Dr Abhinit Kumar, Senior Consultant and HOD, ENT, Aakash Healthcare, New Delhi.
It is advised to use a humidifier to add moisture to the air, stay hydrated, and apply a saline nasal spray to keep the nasal passages moist.
Nose Picking
Physical trauma from frequent nose picking or aggressive nose blowing can damage the delicate blood vessels in the nasal passages. Avoid picking the nose and practice gentle nose blowing.
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“If nosebleeds last more than 20 minutes, occur frequently, or are accompanied by other symptoms such as dizziness, trouble breathing, or persistent headaches, get medical assistance right away,” said Dr Kumar.
Allergies
Allergic reactions can cause inflammation and irritation in the nasal lining, making blood vessels more susceptible to bleeding. It is important to identify and manage allergies with the help of an allergist, and consider using antihistamines or nasal corticosteroids.
Deviated Septum
A deviated septum, a condition where the nasal septum is crooked or off-center, can contribute to nasal dryness and bleeding. Consult with an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist for appropriate management options.
Nasal Sprays
Overuse of nasal decongestant sprays or corticosteroid nasal sprays may lead to nasal irritation and nosebleeds. Use nasal sprays as directed by a healthcare professional, and avoid prolonged or excessive use.
Underlying Medical Conditions
Certain medical conditions, such as bleeding disorders, liver disease, or vascular abnormalities, may contribute to frequent nosebleeds. Consult with a doctor for a comprehensive evaluation and management of underlying health issues.
Medication Side Effects
Some medications, such as anticoagulants or blood thinners, may increase the risk of bleeding. Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, and discuss potential side effects.
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When to Seek Medical Attention
- If nosebleeds are severe, prolonged, or recurrent.
- If bleeding is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, such as dizziness, weakness, or difficulty breathing.
- If you have a bleeding disorder or are on blood-thinning medications.
Multiple instances may indicate underlying issues that need to be addressed. Identifying and addressing the root cause of recurring nosebleeds is crucial for effective prevention and management. If you experience persistent or severe nosebleeds, consult a doctor for a thorough evaluation and customised treatment plan.