Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a viral infection that affects the respiratory tract. While it usually causes mild cold-like symptoms in healthy individuals, it can lead to more severe respiratory issues, especially in infants, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Even in India, RSV is widespread. According to research published in the National Library of Medicine, RSV detection rates in younger children, ages zero to five, range from 2.1% to 62.4%. This number is higher than in other age groups.
Symptoms of RSV Infection
Coughing
Persistent coughing, often accompanied by mucus production, is a common symptom of RSV infection.
Congestion
Nasal congestion and difficulty breathing may occur, particularly in infants who have smaller airways.
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Fever
A fever is a typical response to viral infections, and RSV is no exception. It can range from mild to moderate.
Wheezing
Wheezing and difficulty breathing, especially during exhaling, can be observed, particularly in infants and young children.
Runny Nose
Excessive nasal discharge is common, contributing to congestion and discomfort. As per MayoClinic, the fluid might vary from thin and transparent to thick and yellow-green. The fluid may trickle or stream from the nose, down the back of the throat, or both. Postnasal drip occurs when it flows down the back of the throat.
Decreased Appetite
Individuals, especially infants, may show a decreased interest in feeding due to difficulty breathing.
Bluish Skin Colour (Cyanosis)
In severe cases, a bluish tint to the skin, particularly around the lips and nails, may indicate inadequate oxygen levels.
Risk Factors for RSV Infection
Age
Infants and young children, especially those under six months of age, are at higher risk due to their immature immune systems. According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, if someone is 60 or older, there is a vaccine available to protect you from severe RSV.
Chronic Lung Disease
Individuals with chronic lung conditions, such as asthma or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, are at an increased risk of complications.
Heart Disease
People with congenital heart disease or other heart-related conditions are at higher risk.
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Weakened Immune System
Individuals with weakened immune systems, whether due to medical conditions or medications, may be more vulnerable to severe RSV infections.
Exposure to Secondhand Smoke
Exposure to tobacco smoke, especially in infants, increases the risk of RSV infection and complications.
Crowded Living Conditions
People living in crowded or communal settings, such as daycare centers or nursing homes, may have an increased risk of exposure.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection can range from mild cold-like symptoms to severe respiratory distress, especially in high-risk populations. Recognizing the symptoms and understanding the risk factors is crucial for timely intervention and management. If you suspect an RSV infection, particularly in infants or those with underlying health conditions, seeking prompt medical attention is essential for appropriate care and support.