Plagiocephaly: The Subtle Flat-Head Syndrome In Babies That Parents Often Miss

Types Of Plagiocephaly

According to the Cleveland Clinic, there are two primary types of plagiocephaly.

Positional Plagiocephaly (Deformational Plagiocephaly)

This is the most common type of flat-head syndrome. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, it affects up to 50% of infants. Positional plagiocephaly occurs when an infant’s head rests in the same position for extended periods, creating uneven pressure on the skull, which is still soft and malleable. Factors like sleeping on the back, time spent in car seats, and limited tummy time contribute to this condition.

Congenital Plagiocephaly (Craniosynostosis)

This type is rare, affecting 1 in 2,000 to 2,500 births. In congenital plagiocephaly, the sutures (fibrous spaces between skull bones) close prematurely. This early closure restricts skull growth and leads to an abnormally shaped head. Unlike positional plagiocephaly, congenital plagiocephaly may require surgical intervention to correct.

Symptoms of Plagiocephaly

According to a medical review published by the National Center of Biotechnology Information, symptoms of plagiocephaly vary depending on the type and severity. Early recognition is essential for effective treatment.

Common Signs Of Positional Plagiocephaly

• Bald spots or missing hair in one specific area.
• A flattened or slanted head shape.
• One side of the forehead, eye, or cheek appearing larger or fuller.
• A nose that seems pushed to one side.
• Asymmetrical ears, where one ear appears higher or more forward.

These signs are often noticeable by the time the baby is 6 to 8 weeks old. Diagnosis of positional plagiocephaly is straightforward, usually requiring only a visual examination by a healthcare provider. No specialised tests are typically needed.

Causes of Plagiocephaly

The causes of plagiocephaly depend on the type;

Positional plagiocephaly is largely due to external factors like sleeping position, time spent in car seats, and lack of tummy time. Babies’ skulls are soft and easily shaped during the first few months of life, making them susceptible to flattening.

Congenital plagiocephaly (craniosynostosis) occurs when sutures in the skull close too early, restricting skull growth. The exact cause of this condition is unknown, but genetic factors may play a role.

Treatment For Plagiocephaly

For most cases of positional plagiocephaly, treatment focuses on repositioning techniques and physical therapy. Early intervention helps to correct head shape and strengthen neck muscles. [Note: All of this can and should be done only under a doctor’s supervision; this lowdown is simply for informational purposes.]

• Change your baby’s sleep orientation in the crib. Place their head at the top of the crib one night and at the bottom the next. This encourages the baby to turn their head in different directions.
• While your baby sleeps, gently turn their head to the less favoured side to relieve pressure on the flattened area.
• Carrying and cradling your baby helps reduce time spent resting against flat surfaces. Alternate arms during feeding to vary head positioning.

When to Seek Professional Help

If you’re concerned about your baby’s head shape or notice difficulty turning their head, consult a health visitor or paediatrician. They can assess your baby’s condition and provide tailored recommendations. In rare cases of congenital plagiocephaly, surgical intervention may be required.

Takeaway

Plagiocephaly is common and typically correctable with early intervention. By recognising the signs early and adopting simple repositioning techniques, parents can help ensure their baby develops a healthy head shape. For persistent or severe cases, consulting a healthcare professional ensures appropriate care and treatment.