Seeing your child suddenly start limping can be concerning for any parent. While occasional limping might be harmless, persistent or unexplained limping could indicate an underlying issue that needs attention. Understanding the various causes and recognizing the symptoms associated with limping in children is essential for timely intervention and ensuring your child’s well-being. In this article, we’ll explore the common reasons why children might limp and highlight the signs to watch for, helping you navigate this situation with confidence and care.
When a previously healthy child suddenly starts limping, it can be alarming for parents and families. In a conversation with the OnlyMyHealth team regarding the causes and symptoms of limping, Dr R Kishore Kumar, Paediatrician and Neonatologist at Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, Bengaluru, said, "Understanding the potential causes and symptoms is crucial for identifying the underlying issue."
Common Causes of Limping in Children
1. Viral Infections & Irritable Hip
Viral infections can sometimes lead to muscle pain and inflammation, causing a temporary limp. Dr Kumar explains, "Commonly known as 'irritable hip,' this condition typically resolves within 48 to 72 hours. However, it's essential to rule out septic arthritis during this period, as missing it can result in joint damage within just a few days."
2. Injury or Trauma
Sprains and Strains: Active children often experience sprains or strains, leading to pain, swelling, and limping. "Usually, in these situations, the child will have a history of trauma or a fall," says Dr Kumar.
Fractures: Even minor fractures can cause a child to limp, as they may be reluctant to put weight on the affected leg.
Bruises or Contusions: Direct impacts or falls can result in deep bruising, which can be painful and cause limping.
3. Inflammatory Conditions
Transient Synovitis: Often following a viral infection, this condition causes hip joint inflammation, leading to limping. "It’s usually self-limiting but can be painful," notes Dr Kumar. Transient synovitis commonly affects the hip joint.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): A chronic condition causing joint inflammation, stiffness, and limping, particularly in the morning.
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4. Developmental Disorders
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: This condition involves a temporary disruption of blood supply to the hip bone, causing it to weaken and potentially collapse. It often presents as a painless limp.
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH): An improperly formed hip joint can lead to instability and limping, particularly in toddlers.
5. Nervous System Disorders
Cerebral Palsy: A neurological disorder affecting muscle control and coordination, often resulting in a limp or abnormal gait.
Spinal Cord Problems: Conditions such as tethered cord syndrome or tumours can impact leg movement, leading to limping.
6. Leg Length Discrepancy
A difference in leg lengths can cause a child to limp as they try to compensate for the imbalance.
Symptoms to Identify
- Pain: This is the most common symptom, which may be localised to the hip, knee, ankle, or foot. It might worsen with activity and improve with rest.
- Swelling: Inflammation or swelling around the affected joint or limb.
- Reduced range of motion: Difficulty moving the affected limb fully, or stiffness in the joint.
- Reluctance to bear weight: The child may refuse to walk or put weight on the affected leg.
- Fever: Especially in cases of infection or inflammatory conditions.
- Changes in walking pattern: Noticeable changes in the child’s walking, such as favoring one leg, dragging a foot, or walking on toes.
When to See a Doctor
Dr Kumar advises, "Persistent limping, severe pain, or signs of infection such as fever, redness, and swelling, should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider. Early identification and treatment are key to preventing complications and ensuring proper healing."
If your child begins to limp, consulting a healthcare provider promptly can help identify the cause and initiate the right treatment, ensuring your child's quick recovery.