Elevated blood sugar levels occur when there is excess glucose in the bloodstream. This happens when your body isn't effectively using or producing insulin, which is a hormone that helps regulate your blood sugar levels. This lack of insulin or insulin resistance often leads to diabetes, which affects about 42.2 crore people worldwide and causes 10.5 lakh deaths each year, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Diabetes can affect different parts of the body, mainly by damaging the large and small blood vessels, which can lead to an increased risk of heart attack and stroke and cause problems with the kidneys, eyes, feet, and nerves. In this article, we will particularly focus on how diabetes affects the foot and whether numbness in the lower extremities can be a sign of the chronic condition.
Also Read: How Diabetes Can Affect Different Parts Of The Body
What Is A Diabetic Foot?
Diabetes can lead to several foot-related problems, involving neuropathy, poor circulation, and compromised immune function.
According to Dr G Sandeep Reddy, Senior Endocrinologist, Kamineni Hospitals, L.B Nagar, Hyderabad, elevated blood sugar levels contribute to nerve damage, reducing sensitivity to injuries and pressure on the feet.
Simultaneously, diabetes impedes blood circulation, hindering the delivery of essential oxygen and nutrients to the lower extremities, thereby undermining the body's ability to heal and fight infections, the doctor told OnlyMyHealth.
He added that the weakened immune system associated with diabetes further increases susceptibility to infections, heightening the risk of complications from even minor foot injuries.
Research suggests about 60% of diabetes patients will develop neuropathy, eventually leading to a foot ulcer. The risk is even greater in those with a flat foot, "as they have disproportionate stress across the foot, leading to tissue inflammation in high-risk areas of the foot," the research further notes.
How To Tell If Numbness In the Feet Is A Sign Of Diabetes?
Numbness, tingling, or pins and needles in the feet may signal diabetic neuropathy, a type of nerve damage that affects nearly 50% of adults with diabetes during their lifetime, according to a report by the Current Diabetes Reports.
“Individuals, especially those with diabetes, should promptly report changes in foot sensation to their healthcare provider,” advised Dr Reddy.
He said, “When assessing numbness as a potential sign of diabetes, it's crucial to consider accompanying symptoms like increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue.”
One must also seek a conclusive diagnosis with the help of a blood test measuring glucose levels.
“A broad awareness of various symptoms underscores the importance of timely medical evaluation for addressing potential health concerns,” Dr Reddy added.
Also Read: What Does An Ideal Breakfast Look Like For Diabetics: Foods To Eat And Avoid
Other Symptoms To Watch Out For
Some of the other symptoms of diabetic foot include:
- Foot ulcers or wounds on the feet
- Changes in skin texture and colour
- Dry, cracked feet
- Charcot foot, where the bones in the foot weaken and may fracture, often without any apparent injury, can lead to deformities and difficulty walking.
- Calluses and corns that occur due to an altered gait or poorly fitting shoes
Bottomline
When it comes to managing foot complications associated with diabetes, managing blood sugar levels is of utmost importance. This can be achieved through diet, exercise, and medications prescribed by doctors.
“Diligent foot care practices, including regular inspections, proper hygiene, and moisturising, are essential to prevent skin issues and minimise the risk of injuries. Choosing well-fitted footwear is crucial for preventing pressure points and foot problems, and regular healthcare check-ups help detect complications early,” said Dr Reddy, recommending swift and thorough treatment of foot infections, incorporating antibiotics, and, if necessary, surgical interventions.
One may also require orthopaedic interventions, such as device usage or footwear modifications, for enhanced foot health, the doctor concluded.