The female reproductive system is complex. It consists of both internal and external organs namely the vagina, clitoris, labia, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Each part has a unique role to play and is responsible for any irregularities that occur in the reproductive system. Endometriosis and ovarian cysts are two major reproductive problems that occur in women, which can often be mistaken for one another. But to receive timely and proper treatment, one must be sure of what they’re suffering from.
In an interaction with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Somarshekhar S P, Global Director-AIIO-GCC & India, Lead Consultant-Surgical and Gynaecological Oncology and Robotic Surgeon, Aster CMI Hospital, Bengaluru, lays down the similarities and differences between the two conditions.
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What Is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a reproductive disorder that occurs when the tissue identical to the tissue that forms inside the uterine lining, also known as the endometrium, grows outside the uterus. It either grows on the ovaries, behind the uterus, on the bowels, or on the bladder. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), endometriosis occurs due to a 'misplaced' tissue, which can cause pain, infertility, and very heavy periods. In certain cases, women may experience no symptoms.
What Is An Ovarian Cyst?
Ovarian cysts are described as fluid-filled sacs that grow on the ovary. As per Britain's National Health Services (NHS), ovarian cysts are very common and do not usually cause any symptoms. It often develops naturally in menstruating women and can also affect people who have been through menopause. Some people who have an underlying condition, such as endometriosis, can also develop cysts.
Symptoms Of Endometriosis And Ovarian Cyst That Can Be Similar
Dr Somarshekhar said, “Some of the endometriosis symptoms can be similar to ovarian cyst symptoms, which increases the chances of misdiagnosis.” These include:
- Painful menstrual cycle accompanied by lower back and abdominal pain
- Pain during or after intercourse
- Pain during urination, bowel movements, mostly periods
- Excessive bleeding or staining in between menstrual cycle
- Excessive menstrual bleeding or bleeding in between periods
- Infertility
How To Differentiate Between The Two?
“Ovarian cysts appear during a woman's normal monthly menstrual cycle and usually disappear in a few months,” said Dr Somarshekhar. However, if the cysts do not go away it can cause complications. According to the doctor, most ovarian cysts are asymptomatic, but menstrual irregularities, dyspareunia (painful intercourse), and irregular bowel movements during periods are some of the common signs to watch out for.
Ovarian cysts are different from endometriosis, however, the latter can be one of the causes of cyst development in the ovaries. “Unlike functional ovarian cysts, endometriomas usually do not disappear on their own and may require medical intervention,” the doctor noted. He added, “To diagnose the same, a medical practitioner may ask you to undergo tests such as a pelvic exam, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), or an ultrasound.”
Treatment Options
In normal circumstances, ovarian cysts are benign and disappear on their own without any medical assistance. If they do not heal after a few menstrual cycles, or if they are extremely large, a procedure might be required for removing them. If cysts appear post-menopause, they could be malignant and surgery may be required, said Dr Somarshekhar.
Adding further, the doctor said, “Women who suffer from endometriosis may see their symptoms worsen and there is a high chance they will need to have their ovaries removed.”