Feeling your breasts from time to time is a good practice and can help detect an early breast cancer event. While not all lumps are cancerous, changes in the breast should be addressed and consulted with a doctor. But how do you truly know if it is a breast cancer lump or a benign condition? What does a breast cancer lump really feel like? How is it different from other breast problems? Here’s what Dr Sajjan Rajpurohit, Senior Director, Oncology, BLK Max Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi tells the OnlyMyHealth team.
What Is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer occurs when the cells in the breast undergo uncontrollable growth and form a malignant tumour. It can affect both men and women, but it is much more common in women. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is the most prevalent cancer among women globally, which accounted for 20.3 lakh cases and 6.8 lakh deaths in 2020.
While the exact causes of breast cancer are not fully understood, certain risk factors, such as age, family history, genetic mutations (BRCA1 and BRCA2), hormonal factors, and lifestyle choices can increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer.
What Does A Breast Cancer Lump Feel Like
Any new lump in any part of the body should not be overlooked. Lumps in the breast can be an early sign of breast cancer. Dr Rajpurohit describes a breast cancer lump as a hard mass that's different from the surrounding tissue, adding that it may be firm or round, and can occur anywhere in the breast.
“You may be able to feel a breast cancer lump by gently pressing your fingers against your skin,” he says.
In addition, the doctor recommends getting necessary tests to determine the cause of the lump.
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Know The Types Of Breast Lumps
According to Dr Rajpurohit, there are three main types of breast lumps. These include:
Cysts
Cysts are the most common type of breast lumps. They are fluid-filled sacs that can form in either the milk ducts or the milk glands. Cysts usually do not cause any pain or other symptoms. However, they can sometimes make the breast feel full or heavy. It can occur in both men and women, but is more common in women between the ages of 30 and 50, says the doctor.
Fibroadenomas
This type of breast lump is non-cancerous and occurs most often in young women. Fibroadenomas are made up of glandular and connective tissue, which may cause the breast to feel lumpy or hard. However, they are usually painless. They can vary in size from small (less than an inch) to large (several inches) and typically grow slowly.
Tumours
Also the most serious type of breast lump, tumours can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumours are not usually a threat to health, but malignant tumours can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body, if left untreated. Cancerous tumours may cause a variety of symptoms, including pain, nipple discharge, and changes in the breast shape and size.
Differentiating Between Breast Cancer And Benign Breast Lumps
It may be difficult to differentiate between breast cancer and benign breast lumps, which is why it is best to seek expert advice.
Dr Rajpurohit lists down certain distinct characteristics between the two. “Benign lumps are usually smaller, with a smooth surface. They are also more likely to be round or oval in shape. Malignant lumps, on the other hand, are usually larger and have a more irregular shape. They may also be more painful than benign lumps,” he explained.
“Another way to tell the difference between benign and malignant lumps is by examining the surrounding tissue. Benign lumps are usually surrounded by normal breast tissue, while malignant lumps tend to have abnormal tissue around them,” he added.
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Tests To Detect A Breast Cancer
Detecting breast cancer typically involves a combination of screening tests and diagnostic tests. These tests play a crucial role in early detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of breast cancer. Here is a list of significant tests commonly used:
Mammogram
This X-ray examination of the breast is the most common screening test for breast cancer. It can detect tumours that are too small to be felt and can help identify early signs of breast cancer.
Clinical Breast Exam (CBE)
Conducted by a healthcare professional, CBE involves a physical examination of the breasts and surrounding areas to check for lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
Breast Self-Exam (BSE)
Although controversial, BSE involves regular self-examination of the breasts to detect any changes or abnormalities. It is important to note that BSE alone is not sufficient for diagnosis and should be used in combination with other screening methods.
Breast Ultrasound
This test uses sound waves to create images of the breast tissue. It helps determine whether a lump is solid or filled with fluid and can be used to further evaluate abnormalities detected by mammography or physical examination.
Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
An MRI uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast. It is often used in combination with mammography for high-risk individuals or to further evaluate abnormalities found in other tests.
Biopsy
A biopsy is the definitive diagnostic test for breast cancer. It involves the removal of a small tissue sample from the breast for laboratory analysis. There are different types of biopsies, including needle biopsy, core biopsy, and surgical biopsy, depending on the size and location of the suspicious area.
Genetic Testing
Genetic testing may be recommended for individuals with a strong family history of breast cancer or specific risk factors. It helps identify inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, which increase the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer.
Bottomline
Not all breast lumps mean breast cancer. However, it is best to consult a doctor in case you experience any changes in the breast size, shape, colour, or feel any lumps within. Getting regular breast self-examinations and screening tests can help in early detection and promote timely treatment.