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Oral contraceptives, sometimes known as ‘The Pill,’ are the most commonly prescribed hormonal contraceptives, used for both contraception and, in certain cases, to address bleeding issues. The literature provides mixed information about their effects on sexual function, although the majority of research reports either a negative impact or no effect at all.
We at OnlyMyHealth spoke to an expert, Dr. Archana Dhawan Bajaj, Gynaecologist, Obstetrician, and IVF Expert, Nurture IVF Clinic, New Delhi. She says, “According to studies highlighting negative effects, around 15% of women using oral contraceptives develop sexual dysfunction in the form of reduced libido and/or vaginal dryness. These alterations are assumed to be primarily caused by the effects of oral contraceptives on serum androgens (sex hormones); however, other variables may also contribute to this complex situation.”
Also Read: Oral Contraceptives Don't Raise Blood Pressure In Women Who Exercise, Study Finds
Effects Of Progesterone-Only Pills
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The progesterone-only variant of oral contraceptives has similar effects on sexual function as the combined oral contraceptive. However, the good news is that these effects appear to be completely reversible once the medication is discontinued. Dr. Bajaj explains, “The hormonal adjustments caused by these pills are temporary. Once the contraceptive is stopped, most women notice a gradual improvement in their sexual function.”
How Long-Term Use May Contribute to Sexual Dysfunction
Combined Oral Contraceptive (COC) tablets remain one of the most widely used methods of preventing unintended pregnancies among women. However, hormonal contraceptives work by releasing hormones into the body, which can sometimes lead to side effects affecting both physical and sexual health.
Dr. Bajaj says that these hormones may produce a range of adverse effects, including tiredness, dizziness, nausea, bloating, weight gain, and breast tenderness. In terms of sexual dysfunction, oral contraceptives may contribute through the following mechanisms.
Suppression of Ovulation
Oral contraceptives suppress ovulation by altering levels of oestrogen and progesterone. These hormonal changes may indirectly reduce libido.
Reduction in Androgen Levels
Oral contraceptives may also lower androgen levels, including testosterone, a hormone that plays a key role in sexual desire. Dr. Bajaj notes, “The suppression of androgens, particularly testosterone, can result in noticeable declines in libido for some women, though not all are affected equally.”
Changes in Vaginal Health
Changes in oestrogen levels can lead to vaginal dryness, which may cause discomfort during sexual activity and significantly affect sexual satisfaction.
Also Read: Taking Birth Control Pills To Avoid Pregnancy? Beware Of These 8 Side Effects Of Oral Contraceptives
The Role of Psychological Factors
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Sexual dysfunction is not purely physiological. Psychological factors can also play a significant role. While the use of contraception may reduce anxiety about unintended pregnancies, it can also create subconscious associations that influence sexual desire.
Dr. Bajaj adds, “For some individuals, the very act of taking hormonal contraception can result in shifts in their mental state. Whether it is reduced spontaneity or concerns about side effects, these factors can have an unintended impact on sexual desire.”
Additionally, it is important to acknowledge that sexual function is influenced by interpersonal relationships, overall health, and lifestyle factors.
A Dilemma, Or Is It?
Although oral contraceptives remain a trusted method for family planning, it is essential for women to be aware of their potential impact on sexual health. Open communication with healthcare professionals is crucial to address concerns and explore alternative contraceptive methods, if necessary.
Dr. Bajaj advises, “Women should feel empowered to seek guidance if they experience changes in their sexual function. Options such as altering the dosage, switching formulations, or trying non-hormonal methods can often provide solutions tailored to individual needs.”