Unexplained weight gain can often be driven by hormonal imbalances. The body’s hormones control all sorts of mechanisms, including appetite, fat storage and energy expenditure. When these hormones get out of balance, it can be much more difficult for the body to regulate weight. They can disrupt the body's natural weight regulation mechanisms and lead to various health issues.
To understand more about hormonal imbalance and weight gain, we spoke to Dr Kinjal Avdhut Kothari, Associate Consultant- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Hospital, Goa, who shared insights on the same.
How Do Hormonal Imbalances Cause Weight Gain?
Insulin and Weight Management
“Insulin, produced by the pancreas, is one of the most impactful hormones for weight loss and maintenance. It works to use glucose and store fat in the body. However, chronically elevated insulin levels can lead to insulin resistance,” said Dr Kothari. This storage causes the body to accumulate excess fat, especially around the abdomen, even when a person isn’t eating more than usual. Insulin resistance is a common underlying factor in obesity, making it challenging for individuals to lose weight.
According to the Journal of Clinical Hypertension, once developed, insulin resistance and the body's increased insulin production are important risk factors for further weight gain and cardiovascular issues in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Also Read: Stubborn Belly Fat Won’t Budge? Get These Hormone Tests To Know Why You’re Not Losing Weight
Thyroid Function and Metabolism
The thyroid gland, located in the neck, secretes hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) that regulate metabolism; the rate at which the body burns calories. However, if the thyroid becomes sluggish (hypothyroidism), the metabolism decelerates, which can result in weight gain despite following a healthy diet and exercising regularly. “People with hypothyroidism can also have symptoms like fatigue, depression and dry skin, all of which can make a person less likely to stay active and thus have difficulty in losing weight,” added Dr Kothari.
Stress and Reproductive Hormones
Cortisol, commonly known as the 'stress hormone,' plays a significant role in weight gain. Chronic stress raises cortisol levels which can stimulate appetite, especially for sugary and fatty foods. Prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels can lead to an increase in abdominal fat, a concern due to its association with heightened risks of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders.
According to the Archives of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, grasping the impact of stress hormones, such as cortisol on weight gain is essential for minimising the health risks associated with chronic stress. To alleviate these effects, it’s important to focus on stress management, maintain a healthy diet, engage in regular physical activity, ensure adequate sleep, seek social support, and consider professional help.
In women, reproductive hormones, such as oestrogen and progesterone also influence weight regulation. Natural fluctuations in hormone levels throughout the menstrual cycle can lead to temporary weight gain due to water retention in some women. “However, long-term hormonal imbalances can contribute to weight-related problems in conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). It is characterised by hormonal dysregulation, including elevated androgen levels, which can promote weight gain. Furthermore, PCOS can also impair insulin sensitivity and increase fat storage,” said Dr Kothari.
Also Read: 6 VERY COMMON Habits That Might be Causing Your Weight Gain
Menopause and Weight Gain
Dr Kothari concluded, “Menopause is another life stage when hormonal changes can lead to weight gain. As oestrogen levels decline, women often notice changes in fat distribution, with increased fat accumulation around the midsection. These hormonal shifts can also slow down metabolism, making it more challenging to lose weight. Furthermore, hormonal disorders can directly influence weight regulation, contributing to weight gain.”
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your professional if you are dealing with any health issue to avoid complications.]