As we navigate through Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, it becomes imperative to shed light on the persistent healthcare concern faced by India. Cervical cancer, ranked as the second most prevalent form of cancer among Indian women, demands attention and understanding. In 2022 alone, India recorded a staggering 123,907 new cases and 77,348 fatalities, constituting a significant global burden.
The HPV Conundrum
The primary culprit behind cervical cancer is the persistence of a high-risk strain of the Human papillomavirus (HPV). While most women naturally clear the HPV infection, chronic infections, especially with high-risk HPV types, can lead to cervical cancer. Early detection is pivotal, and preventive measures include HPV vaccines.
Lifestyle Factors Amplifying Cervical Cancer Risk
According to Dr Uma Dangi, Consultant Medical Oncologist, Fortis Hospital, Mulund and Hiranandani Hospital, Vashi, understanding the interplay of lifestyle factors is crucial in addressing cervical cancer risks:
Sexual History: A Key Player
Several aspects of one's sexual history can elevate the risk of cervical cancer, primarily by increasing exposure to HPV. Factors include:
- Early onset of sexual activity (under 18 years old)
- Multiple sexual partners
- Having a high-risk partner (HPV-infected or with multiple partners)
Smoking
Smoking, a known contributor to various cancers, emerges as a significant risk factor for cervical cancer. Women who smoke are approximately twice as likely to develop cervical cancer. Smoking exposes individuals to cancer-causing chemicals that can impair the DNA of cervix cells and compromise the immune system's ability to combat HPV infections.
Weakened Immune System: An Unfortunate Connection
Conditions like HIV, weakening the immune system, increase susceptibility to HPV infections. A compromised immune system diminishes its ability to counteract the growth and spread of cancer cells, potentially accelerating the progression from cervical pre-cancer to invasive cancer.
Chlamydia Infection: A Silent Culprit
Chlamydia, a common bacterial infection spread through sexual contact, is linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer. The infection, often asymptomatic, can lead to pelvic inflammation, potentially impacting fertility. Studies suggest a connection between chlamydia and the promotion of HPV growth, further heightening the risk.
Also Read: Cervical Cancer Awareness Month: What Are The Myths Around Cervical Cancer
Oral Contraceptives and Cervical Cancer
Long-term use of oral contraceptives (birth control pills) has been associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. The risk rises with prolonged use but gradually decreases after discontinuation, returning to normal several years later. Conversations between women and their healthcare providers are essential to weigh the benefits against potential risks.
Pregnancy and Its Impact
Women with three or more full-term pregnancies face an elevated risk of cervical cancer. This increased susceptibility is attributed to heightened exposure to HPV through sexual activity. Hormonal changes during pregnancy and potential weakening of the immune system are additional considerations.
Age at First Pregnancy
Women who experience their first full-term pregnancy before the age of 20 are more prone to cervical cancer later in life. This insight emphasizes the importance of understanding how reproductive choices can impact long-term health.
Economic Disparities and Access to Healthcare
Economic status plays a role in cervical cancer risks, particularly for low-income women with limited access to healthcare services. Barriers to cervical cancer screenings and preventive measures contribute to increased vulnerability.
Nutrition and Dietary Choices
A diet low in fruits and vegetables is identified as a potential risk factor for cervical cancer. Adequate intake of these essential foods can contribute to overall health and reduce the risk associated with a nutrient-deficient diet.
Bottomline
Cervical cancer is a formidable adversary, but knowledge is a powerful tool for prevention. Understanding the lifestyle factors that can elevate the risk of cervical cancer allows individuals to make informed choices, prioritize screenings, and adopt healthier living practices. Cervical Cancer Awareness Month serves as a poignant reminder to stay vigilant, promote awareness, and strive for a future where cervical cancer is no longer a prevalent health concern.