Cancer remains a formidable challenge in the field of medicine, prompting ongoing efforts to discover effective treatments. However, cervical cancer, caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), holds promise for elimination using a vaccine.
“As the global community aims to achieve this ambitious goal by 2030, it is essential to address the myths surrounding cervical cancer and separate them from the facts,” said Dr Sobha S Nair, Professor & HOD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amrita Hospital, Kochi.
Myth 1: Only sex workers are at risk of cervical cancer
Fact: “While it is true that HPV, the primary cause of cervical cancer, is transmitted through sexual contact, it is a misconception that only sex workers are at risk. HPV can infect anyone engaging in sexual activity, irrespective of their profession. Factors such as a weakened immune system and poor sexual hygiene can increase the likelihood of infection,” said Dr Sobha, adding, a compromised immune system allows the virus to persist in the body, potentially progressing to cervical cancer over time.
Myth 2: Cervical cancer can be diagnosed before the age of 18
Fact: “HPV can be contracted by individuals not maintaining adequate sexual hygiene, and the virus is prevalent among young people. Early initiation of sexual activity increases the risk of exposure to HPV,” Dr Sobha explained. “Sexually transmitted diseases are more commonly diagnosed between the ages of 18 and 25, the importance of preventive measures during this period is crucial, as this may lead to cervical cancer in future,” she added.
Also read: Cervical Cancer Awareness Month: 10 Early Warning Signs That Must Not Be Ignored
Myth 3: Cervical cancer does not need to be treated
Fact: “Contrary to the belief that cervical cancer does not require treatment, HPV is cleared from the body in 90 percent of individuals within two years. However, the remaining 10 percent may experience persistent infection, leading to changes in the body's cells. It takes approximately ten years for these cells to become cancerous, highlighting the window of opportunity for early detection and intervention,” Dr Sobha said.
Myth 4: A vaccine is enough to prevent cervical cancer
Fact: According to Dr Sobha, while vaccines play a crucial role in preventing cervical cancer, they are not a cure. Adequate sexual hygiene is essential to complement vaccination efforts. Age of screening with pap smear should start after 25 years.
Myth 5: Cervical cancer does not spread
Fact: Like other cancers, cervical cancer can spread throughout the body. However, the significant advancement in medical science allows for the detection of cervical abnormalities before they become cancerous. Early identification and treatment, within the ten-year window of cell changes, can prevent the virus from causing cancer.
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