Elevated levels of cholesterol, particularly Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, can contribute to atherosclerosis and increase the risk of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). However, our body needs cholesterol since it acts as a building block for our body, which helps build cell membranes, produces hormones, and creates vitamin D. In fact, extremely low cholesterol levels can pose certain risks and prove dangerous for our health. The key is to strike the right balance and aim for low levels of LDL, while maintaining healthy levels of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the body.
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Can Cholesterol Levels Be Too Low?
It is possible for cholesterol levels to dip. Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Dixit Garg, Consultant Interventional-Cardiology, Manipal Hospital, Gurugram, said, “Typically, a total cholesterol level below 120 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) is considered too low.”
The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends a total cholesterol level of less than 200 mg/dL as optimal. However, the balance between HDL and LDLcholesterol is also crucial. While HDL is considered ‘good cholesterol, elevated levels of LDL are associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
Dr Garg added, “It's important to note that the context of individual health and medical history is essential in determining what is considered too low.”
What Happens If Cholesterol Is Too Low
Since cholesterol is necessary for synthesizing vitamin D, steroid hormones like cortisol, and sex hormones like oestrogen and testosterone, low levels of this waxy substance may impact various bodily functions. Additionally, it plays a vital role in the production of bile, necessary for the digestion and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, K, E, and D.
Therefore, a person suffering from low cholesterol levels may experience symptoms including:
- Fatty stool
- Hormonal imbalances
- Weight loss
- Depression
- Changes in vision
Health Risk Associated With Extremely Low Cholesterol
According to the Mayo Clinic, extremely low cholesterol levels can contribute to an increased risk of certain health issues, such as haemorrhagic stroke, cancer, and haemorrhagic diseases.
When it comes to low cholesterol levels and its association with cancer, the relationship is not fully understood, and scientific evidence is inconclusive.
Some studies suggest potential associations, theorising that very low cholesterol might impact cell membrane cell membrane structure and function, which may contribute to abnormal cell growth.
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A 2009 study, backed by another study, published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, reported that low total cholesterol may be a sign of cancer.
Dr Demetrius Albanes, a senior investigator at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), had then said, "Our study affirms that lower total cholesterol may be caused by undiagnosed cancer," adding, "This finding supports the idea that the lower serum total cholesterol level we detected as a possible cancer risk factor may actually have been the result of undiagnosed cancers."
However, the relationship is complex and research around it is still inconclusive. Therefore, maintaining a balance in cholesterol levels remains crucial, as high cholesterol is a well-established risk factor for CVDs.
Conclusion
While high levels of cholesterol may have a negative impact on heart health, extremely low cholesterol levels in the body can have its own negative consequences.
The key is to maintain a balance. Dr Garg said, “Addressing the underlying cause is essential for managing low cholesterol levels. This may involve dietary changes, discontinuing medications that contribute to low cholesterol, treating underlying medical conditions, and ensuring proper nutrition.”