Gynaecomastia In Teen Boys: Why It Happens And How To Treat

Breasts are anatomical structures that are often associated with females. They are composed of glandular tissue, fatty tissue, and connective tissue, along with nerves and blood vessels. In females, they contain mammary glands and ducts to produce milk, a function that is not present in males. Another differentiating factor is that female breasts are anatomically larger and contain more fibroglandular tissue than male breasts. However, in rare cases, males, including teen boys, can develop large breasts due to the development of underlying glandular tissue. This condition is called gynaecomastia.

Also Read: What Men Need To Know About Enlarged Breast Tissue: Is It Worrisome?

Causes Of Gynaecomastia In Teen Boys

Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Arun Mukka, Consultant Endocrinologist, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, says, "Gynaecomastia is quite common in adolescent boys, mainly due to hormonal changes during puberty."

"In some cases, medications, anabolic steroids, certain drugs, or even herbal oils like lavender and tea tree can also contribute. Though rare, it may sometimes signal an underlying medical condition," he adds.

According to StatPearls Publishing, adolescent boys who suffer from this condition do so because of an imbalance of oestradiol and testosterone. It is more common in boys beginning around age 13 and can last into early adulthood.

It is important to note that while gynaecomastia is mainly caused by hormonal imbalance, lifestyle factors like obesity, poor diet, excessive alcohol, and even chronic stress can make it worse, as these can raise oestrogen or lower testosterone levels.

Temporary Breast Enlargement Vs. Gynaecomastia: How To Tell The Difference

Temporary breast enlargement, also known as pubertal or newborn gynaecomastia, is temporary and harmless. It tends to resolve on its own, without any complications or long-term health effects.

However, when it comes to gynaecomastia in teen boys, a firm lump, nipple discharge, skin changes, or one-sided enlargement should not be ignored. "It’s important to seek medical evaluation," emphasises Dr Mukka.

Also Read: Imbalance In Hormones In Men: Here Are 10 Signs Of It

Treatment Options For Gynaecomastia In Teen Boys

In most boys, pubertal gynaecomastia settles on its own within two years, often by age 18, shares Dr Mukka. But if it persists beyond that or becomes severe, one should consult an endocrinologist, he advises.

According to him, most cases of gynaecomastia improve with lifestyle changes, medication, or hormone therapy. Surgery is considered only for severe or persistent cases, where options like liposuction or gland excision, i.e., mastectomy, can help restore a normal chest contour.

Conclusion

Gynaecomastia is a common condition in men and can occur in newborns, adolescent boys (especially 13-14 years old), and older men over 50. While hormonal changes are major contributors, other factors, like anabolic steroid use, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, specific medications, and underlying health issues like liver disease, kidney failure, thyroid problems, and certain cancers, can also increase the risk. The key is to identify the condition early on and take necessary measures. In some cases, gynaecomastia can resolve on its own, whereas in rare cases, one might require surgery. The important step to take is to talk to a doctor.