Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) is a crucial hormone produced by trophoblastic cells in foetal tissue. This chemical messenger plays a vital role in supporting pregnancy by facilitating the production of progesterone from the corpus luteum. Progesterone, in turn, nourishes and sustains the early stages of pregnancy until placental formation is complete. In this article, we will delve into the significance of HCG, its role in pregnancy detection, monitoring, and its broader implications for women's health.
We spoke to our expert Dr Nidhi Khera, Senior Director - Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi, as she explains everything about the pregnancy hormone HCG including detection, monitoring pregnancy viability, post-delivery/ post-abortion HCG levels, and more. Here is what she shared with us.
Pregnancy Detection
HCG serves as a reliable indicator of pregnancy, detectable in both urine and blood. Over-the-counter pregnancy kits are commonly used for urine tests, providing convenience but may present issues of sensitivity and specificity. False positives and negatives can occur due to factors like strip type and storage conditions. Blood tests, on the other hand, offer greater accuracy and reliability, especially in the early stages of pregnancy.
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Monitoring Pregnancy Viability
The doubling of HCG levels within 48 hours is a key parameter used to assess the viability of a pregnancy. Failure to observe this increase may signal potential issues, such as ectopic pregnancy or a non-viable intrauterine pregnancy. Close monitoring of HCG levels provides early indicators, allowing healthcare professionals to intervene and provide appropriate care.
Post-Delivery and Post-Abortion HCG Levels
Postpartum and post-abortion, HCG levels should naturally decrease within a timeframe of 7 days to 2 months. This decline is crucial to confirm the complete expulsion of placental tissue. Elevated HCG levels beyond this period may indicate the presence of active trophoblastic cells, necessitating further investigation to ensure complete resolution.
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HCG as a Marker for Trophoblastic Diseases
HCG levels are not only indicative of pregnancy but can also serve as markers for trophoblastic diseases, including choriocarcinoma and gestational trophoblastic disease. Elevated HCG levels may prompt further diagnostic procedures to identify and manage these conditions promptly.
A Final Word
In conclusion Dr Khera said, "Human Chorionic Gonadotropin is a multifaceted hormone that plays a pivotal role in pregnancy detection, monitoring, and women's health. Understanding its significance and the various ways to measure its levels, such as urine and blood tests, empowers individuals and healthcare professionals alike. Whether confirming a pregnancy, assessing viability, or identifying potential health risks, HCG remains a crucial tool in reproductive healthcare. Regular monitoring and interpretation of HCG levels contribute to better outcomes for expectant mothers and those facing trophoblastic diseases."