Pregnancy is a critical period during which a mother's nutritional intake directly impacts the growth and development of the unborn child. Adequate nutrition is essential for the healthy development of the foetus, and any deficiencies or malnutrition during this time can have significant and long-lasting effects on the baby. In this article, we will explore the various effects of malnutrition during pregnancy on the baby's health and development as told by Dr Vijaya Manohar, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Apollo Cradle & Children’s Hospital, Koramangala, Bangalore.
How does malnutrition in pregnancy affect child development
The following can be the effects of Malnutrition during Pregnancy on the baby:
Low Birth Weight
According to Dr Manohar, malnutrition during pregnancy is a leading cause of low birth weight in newborns. Babies born with low birth weight are at a higher risk for a range of health problems, both immediately after birth and in the long term. Low birth weight can lead to complications such as respiratory distress syndrome, infections, and developmental delays.
Premature Birth
Malnutrition can also increase the risk of preterm birth, where the baby is born before completing a full 37 weeks of gestation. Additionally, premature babies often face serious health challenges, including underdeveloped organs and a higher likelihood of health complications.
Also Read: Common Health Issues In Newborn Babies & Their Prevention
Cognitive and Intellectual Development
Nutrition plays a crucial role in the development of the baby's brain. Malnutrition during pregnancy can lead to impaired cognitive and intellectual development in the child. Children born to mothers who were malnourished during pregnancy may have lower IQ and may struggle with learning and academic achievement, shares Dr Manohar.
Physical Growth and Development
Malnutrition can stunt the baby's physical growth and development. This can result in shorter stature, lower muscle mass, and delayed motor skills. Warning the pregnant women, Dr Manohar quotes, “These effects can have long-term consequences, affecting the child's overall health and quality of life. Malnutrition during pregnancy may increase the baby's risk of developing chronic diseases later in life.”
Weakened Immune System
Adequate nutrition is essential for the development of a strong immune system. Malnourished babies may have compromised immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections and illnesses both in infancy and throughout their lives.
Also Read: What is Healthy Eating For Women? Here Is The Nutrition Guide
Risk of Neural Tube Defects
“Inadequate intake of essential nutrients like folic acid during pregnancy can increase the risk of neural tube defects in the baby. These defects can affect the development of the baby's brain and spinal cord and may lead to lifelong disabilities,” explains Dr Manohar.
Dental Health Problems
Malnutrition can also impact the development of the baby's teeth and oral health. Insufficient intake of certain nutrients like calcium and vitamin D can lead to dental problems in kids such as weakened enamel and tooth decay.
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Poor Organ Development
As per Dr Manohar, the development of vital organs, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys, can be compromised by maternal malnutrition. This can result in structural abnormalities and functional issues that affect the baby's health and well-being.
Conclusion
To minimise these risks, pregnant women must prioritise a balanced and nutrient-rich diet. Prenatal vitamins and regular prenatal care can also help ensure that both the mother and the baby receive the essential nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Dr Manohar suggests consulting with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian during pregnancy can provide valuable guidance on maintaining proper nutrition and avoiding the detrimental effects of malnutrition on the baby's health. Investing in maternal nutrition is an investment in the future health and well-being of the child, setting the stage for a healthy and prosperous life ahead.