Joint pain is a prevalent issue often described using two terms: arthralgia and arthritis. There are important distinctions between the two, despite their close similarities. Arthralgia is the medical term for joint pain, while arthritis is a specific condition characterised by joint inflammation. Arthralgia can be a symptom of arthritis, but it can also be caused by other conditions. We spoke to Dr Sushanth Mummigati, Consultant, Orthopedician, Manipal Hospital, Goa, who explained the differences between these joint pain conditions.
“Arthralgia, as its name implies, refers to joint pain experienced by an individual. It is a symptom that prompts patients to seek medical attention. Conversely, arthritis is a clinical diagnosis made by healthcare professionals, often after thorough examinations of the patient, which can include physical, radiological, or both types of assessments”, highlighted Dr Mummigati.
According to a study published in the Lancet Rheumatology, osteoarthritis stands as the predominant type of arthritis found in adults, marked by persistent pain and diminished mobility. Its onset typically arises after the age of 40, with prevalence sharply escalating as individuals advance in age.
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What Are Their Symptoms?
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“Arthralgia is a significant symptom of arthritis, but it can also occur independently, stemming from various causes, such as injuries to bones, tendons, or muscles, joint swelling, weakness, fatigue, osteopenia, osteoporosis, deficiencies in essential nutrients, and certain neurological conditions”, said Dr Mummigati.
He added, “On the other hand, arthralgia may not be present in all arthritic patients. Some individuals with arthritis, particularly those with long-standing pathology, congenital deformities, or acquired joint damage, may not experience joint pain. Instead, they might exhibit other signs, such as stiffness, instability, or joint deformity.”
According to a 2019 study, for individuals experiencing arthralgia with concerns of advancing to Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), the presence of subclinical inflammation detected through MRI correlates with both general pain and localised joint tenderness. Nonetheless, this correlation is only partial, suggesting that subclinical inflammation does not fully account for the occurrence of arthralgia.
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Tips To Manage These Joint Conditions
Understanding the underlying causes of joint pain is crucial for developing targeted treatment strategies. Here are some key measures individuals can take to mitigate the risk of arthralgia and arthritis, as listed by the expert:
- Maintain a healthy weight
- engaging in regular exercise to strengthen muscles and improve joint flexibility
- Dietary modifications
- Avoid smoking
- Manage stress
- Joint-stressing activities should be avoided
While arthritis and arthralgia are distinct conditions, they can coexist or overlap in some cases. For example, individuals with rheumatoid arthritis may experience both joint inflammation and pain without inflammation. In such cases, comprehensive management tailored to the individual's specific symptoms and underlying conditions is essential for optimal outcomes.
“Preventing joint pain and the development of arthritis involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, preventive strategies, and early intervention”, added Dr Mummigati.
Bottomline
Dr Mummigati concluded, “While arthralgia and arthritis are commonly associated and interconnected, they represent different aspects of joint health. It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment of joint pain. Understanding the distinction between arthralgia and arthritis empowers individuals to seek appropriate treatment and improve their quality of life. If experiencing joint pain, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.”
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your expert if you face any issues to get the necessary treatment.]