Hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver and is often caused by viral infections, particularly hepatitis B and C in chronic cases. These viruses share transmission routes with HIV, such as through blood transfusions, the use of unsterile needles, and unprotected sexual contact. As a result, co-infection of hepatitis B, C, and HIV is common, presenting unique treatment challenges. World Hepatitis Day is observed on 28th July to spread awareness about hepatitis and potential complications related to this medical condition. To understand about hepatitis in people with co-infections such as HIV, we reached out to Dr Gurbakhshish Singh Sidhu, Senior Consultant - Medical Gastroenterology at Manipal Hospital Patiala. Read on to know his insights.
Interconnection and Coexistence
Hepatitis B and C can occur alongside HIV, complicating the treatment process due to potential drug interactions. According to Dr Sidhu, this coexistence requires special consideration such as :
1. Screening: It's important to screen all HIV patients for hepatitis B and C. Similarly, patients diagnosed with hepatitis B or C should be screened for HIV. This comprehensive screening approach helps in timely diagnosis and management.
2. Challenges in Co-infection:
- Cure Rate: The presence of both HIV and hepatitis infections can lower the effectiveness of treatment, as the medications may interact adversely.
- Relapse Rate: Patients with co-infections have a higher likelihood of disease recurrence, necessitating close monitoring and follow-up.
- Complications: Liver complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are more prevalent in co-infected individuals.
- Cost: Managing these conditions together increases the financial burden due to the need for additional medications and extended treatment durations.
Treatment of Hepatitis
The treatment options for hepatitis depend on the type of hepatitis.
- Hepatitis B: Treatment usually involves antiviral medication such as tenofovir, which has a low resistance rate. Therapy may be required for several years or even lifelong in some cases, depending on the patient's condition.
- Hepatitis C: Treatment is generally more straightforward, often involving a three to six-month course of antiviral therapy. If the liver function is normal, a shorter duration is sufficient, whereas underlying liver disease may necessitate a longer treatment period.
It is important to consult an experienced doctor to get the best treatment. People with co-infections are at risk of hepatitis and it can cause complications.
Also Read: Hepatitis C and Digestive Problems Link and Management Tips
Prevention and Precaution
Prevention is better than cure. Vaccination against hepatitis B is highly recommended, especially for individuals at risk, including those with HIV. Unfortunately, there is no vaccine for hepatitis C, highlighting the importance of preventive measures such as safe injection practices and protected sex.
Advancements in treatment options have made managing hepatitis B and C more effective. Early screening and detection in HIV patients are important for initiating appropriate treatment regimens and improving outcomes. Regular monitoring and adherence to therapy can significantly enhance the quality of life for patients with these co-infections.