Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a serious condition characterised by excessive bleeding in the genital tract following childbirth. This condition, although rare, can pose a significant risk to the mother's health and even lead to fatalities if not promptly addressed. Understanding the causes, risks, and preventive measures associated with postpartum haemorrhage is crucial for ensuring maternal well-being during the delicate postpartum period.
Talking along the lines, we asked our expert Tripti Anand, Health Consultant, MBBS to make us understand what postpartum haemorrhage is; its causes, risk factors involved and preventive measures in easy terms. Here is what she shared with us.
Causes of Postpartum Haemorrhage
The primary cause of postpartum haemorrhage is often attributed to uterine atony, wherein the muscles of the uterus fail to contract effectively after childbirth. This failure of contraction can be influenced by factors such as anaesthesia, trauma to the uterus, or retention of placental tissue. Additionally, other factors like placental anomalies, uterine fibroids, gestational hypertension, and antepartum haemorrhage can predispose women to postpartum haemorrhage.
Risk Factors of Postpartum Haemorrhage
Several factors increase the likelihood of experiencing postpartum haemorrhage. These include being multiparous (having had multiple childbirths), carrying twins, delivering a full-term infant weighing more than 4 kilograms, experiencing prolonged labour, or having complications such as infections or placental abnormalities.
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Treatment for Postpartum Haemorrhage
Anand Explains, "Prompt treatment is essential in managing postpartum haemorrhage effectively. This typically involves administering uterotonic drugs such as oxytocin, methyl ergometrine, or carboprost prostaglandin to stimulate uterine contractions and control bleeding. In severe cases, surgical interventions may be necessary. Urgent blood transfusions may also be required to replenish lost blood volume. Depending on the severity of the condition, patients may need to be transferred to secondary or tertiary care facilities for specialised management."
Prevention for Postpartum Haemorrhage
Prevention plays a crucial role in reducing the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage and ensuring maternal safety. Active management of the third stage of labour (AMTSL), which involves interventions such as administering uterotonic drugs immediately after childbirth and controlled cord traction, has been shown to reduce the risk of postpartum haemorrhage. Identifying and closely monitoring high-risk pregnancy cases can also help healthcare providers intervene promptly if complications arise.
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Access to skilled childbirth attendants and emergency obstetric care is essential in managing postpartum haemorrhage effectively. Timely massage of the uterus following delivery can aid in promoting uterine contractions and minimising the risk of excessive bleeding. Educating patients about the signs and symptoms of postpartum haemorrhage, as well as the importance of seeking medical assistance promptly, is crucial for early intervention.
In addition to individual measures, raising awareness about population control and birth control methods in rural areas can help alleviate some of the burdens associated with high-risk pregnancies. Encouraging early registration in antenatal care programs enables healthcare providers to identify and address potential risk factors for postpartum haemorrhage before they escalate.
Bottomline
Postpartum haemorrhage is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and intervention. By understanding the causes, risks, and preventive measures associated with postpartum haemorrhage, healthcare providers and expectant mothers can work together to mitigate its impact and ensure optimal maternal outcomes.
[Disclaimer: The content herein is sourced from a licensed healthcare professional and serves purely informative purposes. We strongly recommend seeking guidance from your healthcare provider for personalised medical advice.]