We all know how hazardous has air pollution in the national capital region levels reached which has put all aspects of our health at risk. While we all know the ill-effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on our respiratory system, our heart is also at risk. Breathing toxic air is found to double the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Research says one in four deaths due to cardiovascular diseases is linked to air pollution. We reached out to Dr Anjan Siotia, Consultant Interventional Cardiologist, BM Birla Heart Hospital who answered top questions on air pollution and CVD risk for you.
Is there a link between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and air pollution?
Yes! While it is a commonly known fact that air pollution affects our lungs, causing numerous diseases like asthma, bronchitis, chest infection, chronic cough, etc. Lately, there’s been evidence that air pollution does more harm to our body than just impacting the lungs. It can cause cardiovascular problems like increasing the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, heart attacks, etc. Air pollution also has harmful effects on children in terms of their growth.
How does long-term exposure to air pollution contribute to the development of heart disease?
Air pollution consists of ultra fine particles with a diameter of less than 0.1 micron. They transverse the blood vessels, enter the circulation and ultimately reach each organ. Continued exposure to the heart can potentially cause hypertension and chronic heart disease like ischemia, one of the leading causes of heart attack in winters.
Also Read: Heart Attack In Winters: 10 lifestyle Changes That Can Prevent It
Are individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions more susceptible to the effects of air pollution?
Yes, individuals with cardiovascular conditions will be more susceptible to the harmful effects of air pollution than somebody without cardiovascular disease.
Can short-term exposure to high levels of air pollution trigger acute cardiovascular events (e.g., heart attacks, strokes)?
There are no studies that have shown that short term exposure to high levels of air pollution can lead to cardiovascular diseases. However, chronic exposure does lead to chronic conditions, say chronic blockages in the heart arteries.
Who is most at risk for cardiovascular issues due to air pollution?
Individuals with existing health conditions are certainly more prone to cardiovascular issues due to air pollution. So essentially people with comorbidities, when exposed to air pollution are more at risk than others.
Also Read: Important Precautions Heart Patients Should Take Amid Severe Air Pollution
What lifestyle changes or precautions can people take to reduce the impact of air pollution on their heart health?
To reduce the impact of air pollution, it is essential to reduce the exposure to polluted environments. We recommend people with heart conditions to avoid going outdoors, especially during morning hours, when pollution can be at its peak. Also, adopt a healthy diet rich in antioxidants and fibre to reduce inflammation and protect your heart.
Should individuals in polluted environments avoid outdoor activities, or are there specific times of day when the risks are lower?
While outdoor activities like walking are beneficial for individuals, especially heart patients, one must keep in account the pollution level in their area as exposure to pollution can potentially cause more harm. It is recommended to avoid going on early morning walks when pollution is at peak. One may rather switch to evening walks or walks in less polluted areas that have more trees and avoid walking on streets. Also one should wear masks to safeguard themselves.