Acid reflux as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a disorder in which stomach acid rushes back into the oesophagus, resulting in a variety of symptoms. While heartburn is a frequent symptom of acid reflux, it can also cause shortness of breath.
“Stress can contribute to increased acidity in the stomach due to its impact on the body's physiological response. When you're stressed, your body can produce more stress hormones like cortisol, which can stimulate the production of stomach acid,” said Dr Pratik Tibdewal, Consultant Gastroenterologist, Wockhardt Hospitals, Mira Road.
How Acid Reflux Causes Breathlessness
Aspiration of Stomach Contents
In some cases, stomach acid and digestive juices can travel beyond the oesophagus and reach the lungs. This is known as aspiration. Aspiration of stomach contents can lead to irritation and inflammation of the airways, contributing to breathlessness.
Vocal Cord Dysfunction
Acid reflux may affect the vocal cords, leading to dysfunction. This can result in difficulty breathing and a sensation of breathlessness. Irritation of the throat and vocal cords can trigger a reflex that narrows the airways, making it challenging to breathe comfortably.
Asthma Exacerbation
Acid reflux can worsen asthma symptoms. The refluxed stomach acid can trigger or exacerbate bronchoconstriction, leading to breathlessness in individuals with asthma.
Oesophageal Spasm
Acid reflux can sometimes cause spasms in the oesophagus. These spasms may extend to the nearby airways, contributing to a sense of breathlessness.
Other Possible Symptoms of Acid Reflux
- Heartburn: A burning sensation or discomfort in the chest.
- Regurgitation: The backflow of stomach contents into the throat or mouth.
- Chest Pain: Some people may experience chest pain that can be mistaken for heart-related issues.
- Sour Taste in the Mouth: The regurgitated stomach acid may leave a sour or bitter taste.
Managing Acid Reflux-Related Breathlessness
Lifestyle Modifications
- Elevate the head of the bed to reduce nighttime reflux.
- Avoid lying down or going to bed shortly after eating.
- Maintain a healthy weight and avoid overeating.
Dietary Changes
Identify and avoid trigger foods that worsen acid reflux (e.g., spicy foods, citrus, caffeine).
Eat smaller, more frequent meals
This can provide short-term relief. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 blockers can help reduce stomach acid production.
Avoiding Smoking and Alcohol
Both smoking and alcohol can contribute to acid reflux. Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol intake may help alleviate symptoms.
Also read: Bad Breath From Acid Reflux: Try These Natural Remedies For Lasting Relief
Medical Evaluation
If breathlessness persists or worsens, seeking medical evaluation is crucial. A doctor can assess the extent of acid reflux and recommend appropriate treatment.
Breathlessness is linked with acid reflux can be a concerning symptom, and it's essential to address the underlying causes. Making lifestyle changes, modifying diet, and seeking medical advice are key steps in managing acid reflux-related breathlessness.
If you experience persistent or severe symptoms, consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment plan.