Have you ever felt like you’re laughing one moment and crying the next, for no clear reason? If you're pregnant or have been, chances are you've experienced this emotional seesaw. Amid all the excitement and baby name lists, pregnancy can also bring a tidal wave of mood swings that catch many women off guard. And it’s not just 'hormones', there’s a whole mental health side to this journey that often gets overlooked.
We spoke to Dr Pooja C Thukral, Associate Director- Department of Gynaecology, Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, Faridabad, who explained the emotional rollercoaster of pregnancy.
"Mood swings, emotional sensitivity, sudden tears, irritability, or overwhelming worry are all just a part of the emotional rollercoaster of pregnancy. While some fluctuation in mood is normal, it's critical to understand the mental health aspects of pregnancy and make certain that women get the emotional support and care they require," said Dr Thukral.
Why Mood Swings Happen During Pregnancy
1. Hormonal Changes
It is one of the major causes of mood swings during pregnancy because of the sudden rise in hormones, such as progesterone and oestrogen. While both hormones are crucial for maintaining pregnancy, they also exert an influence on mood-controlling neurotransmitters in the brain.
- Oestrogen can increase sensitivity to emotions.
- Progesterone is a relaxant but also tends to make you feel sleepy or withdrawn.
- The imbalance can result in sudden mood swings from feeling happy, overwhelmed, irritated, or crying, all within a short period.
2. Physical Discomfort and Fatigue
"Morning sickness, backache, bloating, and constant fatigue might leave you drained emotionally. Sleep disturbances and physical fatigue drain emotional resources as well," said Dr Thukral.
Also Read: Can Stress Affect a Baby in the Womb? Expert Explains How a Mother’s Stress May Harm Her Baby
3. Fear and Uncertainty
Pregnancy may be a cause of insecurity, from health worries about the baby to money matters and fear of labour. First-time mothers particularly might find themselves struggling with anxiety over the unknown.
4. Body Image and Identity Changes
As your body changes, you might change your self-perception. Some feel pride and empowerment. Others might experience insecurity or unhappiness, especially if the stresses related to appearance in society get internalised.
Common Emotional Experiences During Pregnancy
First Trimester
- Mood swings are common due to the initial hormonal changes.
- Feelings of anxiety about the pregnancy itself, fear of miscarriage, or doubts about readiness for motherhood may arise.
Second Trimester
- Usually referred to as the 'honeymoon phase,' emotional equilibrium may return in some women as hormone levels normalise.
- Anticipation grows as the pregnancy is more apparent, and baby movements begin.
Third Trimester
- Anxiety can set in as the time for labour draws near.
- Emotional highs from bonding with the child can combine with anxiety concerning delivery and parenting.
Also Read: Decoding Postpartum Distress: The Role Of Hormonal Diagnostics In Maternal Recovery
When Mood Swings Signal Something More Serious
"While fluctuation is expected, persistent sadness, hopelessness, excessive worry, or detachment may be indicative of prenatal depression or anxiety disorders," added Dr Thukral. The Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine notes that one out of every seven women suffers from depression during pregnancy, and most are undiagnosed.
Red Flags to Watch Out For
- Loss of interest in activities or relationships
- Trouble concentrating or making decisions
- Sleeping excessively or insufficiently
- Changes in appetite
- Extreme irritability or rage
- Thoughts of hurting oneself or harming the baby
If any of these symptoms persist for more than two weeks, seek professional help. Maternal mental health is as important as physical health, for both the mother and the baby.
Practical Strategies for Managing Mood Swings and Stress
Open Communication
Talk about how you’re feeling, whether it’s with your partner, a trusted friend, or a therapist. Bottling up emotions can worsen stress and anxiety.
Prioritise Rest and Sleep
Insufficient sleep may increase emotional reactivity. Establish a soothing bedtime ritual and nap whenever necessary. A rested body manages to stress more effectively.
Eat Nutrient-Rich Foods
Mental wellness has a nutrition aspect. Make sure your diet consists of:
- Omega-3 fatty acids (from walnuts, flaxseeds, or supplements)
- Iron and folate
- Magnesium and Vitamin B6
- A balanced diet can help stabilise mood and energy levels.
Move Your Body
Exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood boosters. Try walking, prenatal yoga, or swimming. These also reduce anxiety and improve sleep.
Practice Mindfulness
Mindfulness exercises, such as meditation, deep breathing, or journaling can ground you. Even 10 minutes per day can have a significant impact on emotional stability.
Join a Support Group
Connecting with other expectant moms helps normalise the ups and downs of pregnancy. You’ll find comfort in shared experiences and tips that work.
Limit Stress Triggers
Reduce exposure to stressful news, overwhelming social media, or negative environments. Protect your peace by setting boundaries and asking for help when needed.
Engage in Creative or Relaxing Activities
Art, music, crafts, or reading can be therapeutic. Creative expression helps process emotions and reduce stress.
The Role of Partners and Family
- Emotional support from loved ones can greatly cushion emotional distress during pregnancy.
- Partners can help by listening without judgment, attending prenatal visits, and sharing household responsibilities.
- Family and friends can provide helpful practical assistance: meals, chores, or emotional support.
- It is important for the support group to be aware of signs of mental distress and to promote professional help when needed.
When to Seek Professional Help
"If your emotional issues overwhelm or linger, seeking the help of a mental health practitioner who has expertise in maternal health is not weakness, it's healing," said Dr Thukral.
Therapies like:
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can rewire negative thinking.
- Counselling offers a safe environment to tackle fears and emotions.
- In some cases, medication may be recommended, which can be safe during pregnancy under professional guidance.
- Don't just wait for the symptoms to 'pass on their own.' Early support can make your pregnancy path healthier and happier.
Bottomline
Dr Thukral concluded, "Instead of fighting your feelings, honour them. Cry when you need to. Laugh when you can. Share your truth with people you trust. The more we normalise the emotional realities of pregnancy, the more supported mothers feel, and that creates a stronger foundation for both parent and child."
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your professional if you are dealing with any health issue to avoid complications.]