An infection in a female’s reproductive organs is called Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. It occurs when bacteria spread from your vagina to uterus, fallopian tube and ovaries. This bacteria is transmitted sexually.
To get a clarity on this, OnlyMyHealth interacted with Dr Kinjal Kothari, Associate Consultant - Obstetrician and Gynaecology, Manipal Hospitals, Goa.
Explaining PID in detail, Dr Kothari said, “Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is characterised by inflammation of the female reproductive organs, often stemming from an untreated infection originating in the vagina or cervix, which then spreads. This condition can impact various parts of the reproductive system, including the uterus (womb), fallopian tubes, ovaries, or a combination of these structures.”
According to the National Institute Of Health, Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is defined as an inflammation of the upper genital tract due to an infection in women.
Common Symptoms Of PID
According to Dr Kothari, women with PID may hardly experience any noticeable symptoms. However, if symptoms do occur, they can range from mild to severe. Dr Kothari said, “Potential symptoms encompass pelvic and lower back discomfort, fever, fatigue, irregular bleeding or spotting between menstrual cycles, changes in menstruation patterns, abnormal vaginal discharge, and increased frequency of urination.”
Risk factors for pelvic inflammatory disease
Risk factors of getting pelvic inflammatory disease include if you have gonorrhoea or chlamydia or have any other STI. Other factors include:
- Sexual contact with multiple partners
- Sexual intercourse without using condom
- Recently having IUD (intrauterine device device)
Causes Of PID
One of the major and common causes of pelvic inflammatory disease is sexually transmitted bacteria. Dr Kothari said, “Potential contributors and individuals susceptible to PID encompass those engaging in multiple sexual partnerships, untreated sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), previous PID episodes, regular vaginal douching, utilisation of intrauterine devices (IUDs), compromised immune function, and individuals at the extremes of age groups.”
Study suggested that an ascending infection from cervix causes PID. According to the National Institute of Health, In 85% of cases, the infection is caused by sexually transmitted bacteria adding, “Approximately 10% to 15% of women with endocervical N gonorrhoeae or C trachomatis will go on to develop PID.”
Also read: HPV vs HSV: Understanding The Differences Between Two Common STIs
Risks
PID, if left untreated, can cause complications in reproductive health. Studies show that PID can cause infertility, ectopic pregnancy (tubal pregnancy), chronic pelvic pain and tubo-ovarian abscess.
Treatment And Preventive Measures
According to PID, treatment of PID involves antibiotics to combat the underlying bacterial infection, along with simultaneous treatment of partners to prevent recurrent infection.
“Abstinence during treatment aids in recovery and prevents complications. Maintaining proper hygiene practices, such as avoiding douching and practising barrier methods like condoms during intercourse, reduces the risk of bacterial transmission,” Dr Kothari said adding, “In severe cases, hospitalisation and intravenous antibiotics may be necessary for effective management.”
Advising on how to prevent PID, Dr Kothari said, “Establishing monogamous relationships and scheduling regular check-ups with healthcare providers are crucial preventive measures for early detection and management of PID.”
(Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only. We advise you to contact your doctor if you are experiencing any issues regarding your reproductive health.)