A semen analysis is a laboratory test used to assess the quality and health of a man’s sperm. It is commonly performed to evaluate male fertility potential and diagnose reproductive health concerns. The test measures several key parameters, including sperm count, motility (movement), morphology (shape), volume, pH levels, and the presence of any infections or abnormalities. In an exclusive interaction with the editorial team of Onlymyhealth, Dr Shrey Srivastava, General Physician, Sharda Hospital - Nodia, explained everything you need to know.
Why Is Semen Analysis Important?
Semen analysis plays a critical role in identifying fertility issues in men. Since male factors contribute to nearly 50% of infertility cases, assessing semen health is an essential step in reproductive evaluations. Additionally, the test can help diagnose underlying medical conditions such as hormonal imbalances, infections, or blockages in the reproductive tract.
When Should Men Consider a Semen Analysis?
Men may need to undergo semen analysis for various reasons, including:
Difficulty Conceiving
If a couple has been trying to conceive for over a year without success, a semen analysis can help determine if male fertility factors are involved.
Post-Vasectomy Evaluation
Men who have undergone a vasectomy need semen analysis to confirm the absence of sperm in their ejaculate.
Unexplained Health Issues
Conditions like testicular pain, hormonal imbalances, or chronic infections may warrant a semen analysis.
Before Fertility Treatments
If a couple is considering assisted reproductive technologies like IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation) or IUI (Intrauterine Insemination), semen analysis helps in planning the appropriate course of treatment.
Lifestyle or Environmental Concerns
Exposure to harmful chemicals, radiation, excessive heat, smoking, or drug use can negatively impact sperm quality. A semen analysis can assess whether these factors have affected reproductive health.
Recurrent Miscarriages
If a partner experiences repeated pregnancy losses, semen analysis may help determine if sperm quality is a contributing factor.
What Does the Test Involve?
A semen sample is typically collected through masturbation in a sterile container, either at a clinic or at home (with specific guidelines to ensure sample viability). The sample is then analysed in a laboratory to assess its various parameters. In some cases, multiple tests may be needed to confirm results due to natural variations in sperm production.
Understanding the Results
The analysis provides insights into sperm health based on the following:
Sperm Count – A normal range is typically 15 million sperm per millilitre or more.
Motility – Healthy sperm should have at least 40% motility for optimal fertility.
Morphology – At least 4% of sperm should have a normal shape for successful conception.
Volume & pH Levels – Semen volume should be between 1.5 to 5 millilitres, and the pH should be in a normal range to support sperm viability.
Presence of Infections – White blood cells or bacteria in semen may indicate infections that need treatment.
Next Steps After a Semen Analysis
If results indicate abnormalities, a healthcare provider may recommend further testing or lifestyle changes to improve sperm health. Treatments such as hormone therapy, antibiotics for infections, or assisted reproductive techniques may be advised depending on the underlying issue.
Bottomline
Semen analysis is a simple yet powerful diagnostic tool that provides essential information about male reproductive health. If you or your partner are facing fertility concerns, consulting a healthcare provider about semen analysis can be a crucial step toward understanding and improving fertility potential.