Catatonia, a mysterious and often misunderstood condition, presents itself as a range of motor and behavioural abnormalities. As per a study led by the Banner University Medical Centre, Phoenix, USA, catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that is most often seen in mood disorders but can also be seen in psychotic, medical, neurologic, and other disorders.
Unfortunately, catatonia can be challenging to diagnose, but early recognition is the only hope for timely intervention, forming a vicious loop. That is why it is essential for you to be aware of its warning signs so you or your loved ones can get treated on time.
What Is Catatonia?
Catatonia is a result of various conditions, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and even medical illnesses or medication side effects. It can also be triggered by stress, substance abuse, or medication changes.
It is marked by disturbances in movement, behaviour, and thought processes, and presents a number of warning signs when it starts affecting a person.
Motor Abnormalities
People dealing with catatonia may enter a state of immobility and reduced responsiveness, often sitting or lying in one position for hours or days. Some individuals may exhibit extreme motor agitation on the opposite end of the spectrum, making abrupt, purposeless movements.
Also Read: Mental Health Matters: What Is Schizophrenia, Explained
Mutism and Verbigeration
Catatonic individuals may become mute and unresponsive to verbal communication. Simply, they might not respond if you try to talk to them. On the other hand, In some cases, they may engage in meaningless, repetitive speech where they mimic others' words. Catatonic individuals may also imitate or echo the movements of others around them.
Waxy Flexibility
Catatonic individuals may display waxy flexibility, where their limbs can be manipulated and posed in unusual positions, and they will maintain these positions for extended periods without resistance.
Posturing and Stereotypy
This symptom might sound straight out of a horror movie, but it's true. People suffering from catatonia may hold unnatural, fixed body positions. Repetitive, purposeless movements or behaviours may also be observed, such as finger tapping or rocking back and forth.
Agitation and Impulsivity
Some catatonic patients may exhibit heightened levels of agitation, making them prone to impulsive actions.
Altered Mental State
Alongside the motor and behavioural abnormalities, there can be changes in consciousness or awareness, with some individuals experiencing confusion or delirium.
Also Read: AIIMS Tool To Map Emotions May Aid To Treat Autism, Schizophrenia And Depression
Physical Symptoms
Although a neuropsychiatric disorder, catatonia can also lead to physical symptoms like muscle rigidity, fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate, and even excessive sweating.
These symptoms may sound shocking and surreal, but they are very much real and plague the lives of countless people suffering from severe mental disorders. But there's one silver lining. Catatonia is treatable, and early intervention can make a significant difference in recovery. By recognising the warning signs and seeking prompt medical help, individuals with catatonia can receive appropriate treatment and support. If you suspect catatonia in yourself or someone you know, remember that early intervention can pave the way to recovery and an improved quality of life.