Urinary bladder cancer is a type of cancer that affects the bladder, a hollow organ located in the lower abdomen that stores urine.
According to the Indian Journal of Medical Science, there were 18,921 new cases and 10,231 fatalities in India, with incidence rates. India ranks 17th in occurrence of urinary bladder cancer and 19th in mortality.
To understand the risk factors, causes, and prevention of bladder cancer is crucial for early detection and treatment, Only My Health reached Dr Arun Kumar Sharma, Onco Surgery, American Oncology Institute, Shriman Hospital, Jalandhar(Punjab).
Risk Factors
Several factors may increase the risk of developing urinary bladder cancer. The most significant risk factor are:
- Smoking, which increases the risk of bladder cancer by three times compared to non-smokers.
- Exposure to certain chemicals, such as aromatic amines, which are used in the dye industry
Other risk factors are age, gender, family history of bladder cancer, chronic bladder inflammation, and certain medications such as cyclophosphamide.
Also read: Expert Explains Urinary Bladder Cancer & Its Treatment
Causes
Urinary bladder cancer occurs when the cells in the bladder grow uncontrollably, leading to the formation of tumours. The exact cause of bladder cancer is unknown, but certain risk factors may damage the DNA in the cells lining the bladder, leading to the development of cancerous cells.
The most common type of bladder cancer is urothelial carcinoma, which begins in the urothelial cells that line the bladder.
Diagnosis
Prediction about the course for bladder cancer varies based on several factors, including the stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis, the type of bladder cancer, and the individual's overall health.
Diagnosing bladder cancer typically involves a series of tests, such as urine analysis, imaging studies (like ultrasound or CT scan), and cystoscopy, which allows direct visualisation of the bladder using a thin tube with a camera. Tissue samples may be taken during the cystoscopy to determine the type and stage of the cancer.
Symptoms
The symptoms of urinary bladder cancer may include:
- Blood in the urine (hematuria)
- Frequent urination
- Painful urination
- Lower back pain
- Pelvic pain
However, these symptoms can also be caused by other non-cancerous conditions, so it is essential to seek medical evaluation for an accurate diagnosis.
Also read: Expert Explains Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Management Of Urinary Bladder Cancer
Prevention
There are several ways to reduce the risk of developing urinary bladder cancer. Quitting smoking is the most important step, as smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer.
Avoiding exposure to chemicals such as aromatic amines and practising good hygiene can also reduce the risk of bladder cancer.
Staying hydrated and consuming a healthy diet that includes fruits and vegetables may also help prevent bladder cancer.
Understanding the risk factors, causes, and prevention of urinary bladder cancer is crucial for maintaining good health. By quitting smoking, avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals, and practising good hygiene, individuals can reduce their risk of developing bladder cancer and improve their overall health and well-being.
