Study Says Common Cold And Flu Medicines Increase Risk Of Seizures In Children, Doctor Weighs In

A recent study has brought to light a concerning link between the use of common cold and flu medications and a significantly increased risk of seizures in children. This revelation has sparked widespread concern among parents, healthcare professionals, and the general public, as these medications are routinely used to alleviate the symptoms of respiratory illnesses in young patients. The study’s findings suggest a need for greater caution and scrutiny when it comes to the administration of these over-the-counter (OTC) remedies in children.

Overview of the Study

The study, which involved a large cohort of pediatric patients, revealed that certain ingredients commonly found in cold and flu medications could elevate the risk of seizures in children. Researchers observed a notable increase in seizure incidents among children who had been administered these medications compared to those who had not. The risk appeared to be particularly pronounced in children with pre-existing conditions, such as a history of febrile seizures or other neurological disorders.

To understand the study, OnlyMyHealth interacted with Dr R Kishore Kumar, Paediatrician, Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, Bengaluru.

Key Ingredients of Concern

The study highlighted several active ingredients that are commonly found in cold and flu medications as potential culprits. These include:

Decongestants: Dr Kumar said, “Ingredients such as pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine are often used to relieve nasal congestion.” However, they can have stimulating effects on the central nervous system, which might increase the likelihood of seizures in susceptible children.

Antihistamines: First-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, are frequently used to treat allergy symptoms and are also found in many cold remedies. “These drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier and may lower the seizure threshold in children, making seizures more likely,” Dr Kumar said. 

Cough Suppressants: “Dextromethorphan, a common ingredient in cough suppressants, has also been linked to an increased risk of seizures. While generally considered safe, in high doses or in children with certain vulnerabilities, it could contribute to neurological side effects,” explained Dr Kumar. 

Also read: Understanding The Differences: Influenza, Viruses, And Pneumonia in Children

Vulnerable Populations

The study particularly emphasized the heightened risk for children with pre-existing neurological conditions. According to Dr Kumar, “Children who have a history of febrile seizures, epilepsy, or other neurological disorders were found to be more susceptible to the adverse effects of these medications. This suggests that the underlying neurological status of a child plays a significant role in determining their risk of experiencing seizures as a side effect of cold and flu treatments.” As such febrile seizures are well known and occur in about 3 to 4% of children with high fever and are commonly seen in children between ages of 6 months to 6 years. So in this age group, we need to be cautious with irrational use especially if they have a background of febrile seizures.

Implications for Parents and Healthcare Providers

In light of these findings, healthcare providers and parents are urged to exercise greater caution when considering the use of OTC cold and flu medications for children. The study underscores the importance of consulting a pediatrician before administering these medications, particularly if the child has a known history of seizures or other neurological issues. “It is also recommended that parents closely monitor their children for any unusual symptoms, such as twitching, unusual movements, or changes in consciousness, after giving them cold or flu medication,” said Dr Kumar. 

Also read: Zero Dose Children: Why Some Kids Miss Out On Vaccinations

Alternative Approaches

Given the potential risks, non-pharmacological approaches to managing cold and flu symptoms in children should be considered. “For various reasons, parents nowadays prefer medicines over non-pharmacological measures to reduce fever. Commonly most parents tell me – Doctor I gave paracetamol fever didn’t come down so I gave Meftal, Ibugesic and so on. I keep telling parents that these medications should be used with caution,” said Dr Kumar. He added, “Ex: Ibugesic cannot and should not be used in Dengue fever. For fever – one can use cold drinks of fresh fruit juice or cold soup to drink to reduce fever & headache – which commonly is due to dehydration. Also switching on the fan or AC and making the child stand under that will bring down fever. In high fever, one can use Tepid sponging. Paracetamol can be given every 4 hours, if need be for the control of fever and again overdose with paracetamol can cause liver toxicity – which one should be aware of.” Also one can use humidifiers to ease congestion. In cases where medication is deemed necessary, healthcare providers may opt for safer alternatives or adjust dosages to minimize the risk of adverse effects.

Conclusion

The study’s findings serve as a critical reminder of the potential dangers associated with the use of common cold and flu OTC medications in children. While these drugs are widely regarded as safe and effective for symptom relief, they are not without risks, particularly for vulnerable pediatric populations. Parents and healthcare providers must weigh the benefits of these medications against the potential risks and consider alternative methods of symptom management whenever possible. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind these risks and to develop safer treatment options for children suffering from cold and flu symptoms.