Diarrhoea in children is a common concern for parents and caregivers. It is often caused by infections, dietary changes, or other factors. Understanding the potential reasons behind a child's diarrhoea can help in identifying the appropriate measures for prevention and treatment.
“Diarrhoea is a disorder in which an individual has loose, watery stools and more frequent bowel movements than usual, which can cause serious dehydration in the body,” said Manpreet Kalra, Dietitian, Founder and Director - Nutriapt Healthcare Private Limited. Here are five common reasons why a child may be suffering from diarrhoea:
Infections
Rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus are among the most prevalent causes of acute diarrhoea in children. These illnesses are extremely contagious and frequently spread via contaminated food, water, or contact with an affected person. Bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Shigella can cause bacterial gastroenteritis and diarrhoea. These diseases can be caused by contaminated food or drink, as well as inadequate hygiene measures.
Also read: Is Diarrhoea Giving You Watery Bowel Motions? Know About Its Initial Symptoms
Food Sensitivities or Allergies
Some children may develop temporary lactose intolerance, especially after a gastrointestinal infection. This can result in diarrhoea when consuming dairy products. Allergic reactions to certain foods can cause diarrhoea. Common allergens include cow's milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, and fish.
Intestinal Parasites
The parasite Giardia lamblia can cause diarrhoea in children. It is often contracted through contaminated water sources or poor hygiene.
Worm Infections: Intestinal worms, such as roundworms or hookworms, can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea. These infections are more prevalent in areas with poor sanitation.
Antibiotics
The use of antibiotics can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the gut, leading to diarrhoea. This is especially common in children who have been prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Stress and Anxiety
Stress, anxiety, or changes in routine can sometimes affect a child's digestive system, leading to diarrhoea. Emotional stressors such as starting school, family changes, or other significant events may contribute.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most cases of diarrhoea in children are self-limiting and resolve on their own, there are situations where medical attention is necessary. Parents should seek medical advice if:
- Diarrhoea persists for more than a few days.
- Signs of dehydration are present, including decreased urine output, dry mouth, sunken eyes, or lethargy.
- Blood or mucus is present in the stool.
- Severe abdominal pain or high fever is observed.
- The child is refusing fluids or not tolerating any oral intake.
Preventive Measures
- Practise Good Hygiene: Encourage proper handwashing, especially before meals and after using the toilet.
- Ensure Safe Water and Food: Provide safe and clean water, and be cautious about food hygiene. Avoid giving raw or undercooked foods.
- Monitor Food Intake: Be aware of any new foods introduced into the child's diet and observe for possible allergic reactions.
- Vaccination: Ensure that your child is up-to-date on vaccinations, including those for rotavirus, which is a common cause of severe diarrhoea in infants and young children.
Diarrhoea in children can be caused by various factors, and identifying the underlying cause is important for effective management. If in doubt or if symptoms persist, it is always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and appropriate guidance.