In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) has been a commendable medical advancement, helping millions of couples around the world overcome infertility. It is a process where an egg is fertilised by sperm outside the body, typically in a laboratory dish, to create an embryo. However, like any medical procedure, IVF comes with its own set of potential risks and side effects. For those considering IVF as a pathway to parenthood, weighing the benefits against the possible challenges is crucial.
We spoke to our expert Dr Chandana Narayana, Senior Consultant - Infertility and IVF, Kinder Hospitals, Bangalore, to understand both sides; the benefits of IVF and its potential risks and side effects to help you in making an informed decision. Here is what she shared with us.
The Benefits of IVF
Dr Narayana shared that IVF has opened the door to parenthood for individuals and couples who may have struggled to conceive naturally. In fact, reports indicate that the success rate of initial IVF attempts in India ranges from 35% to 50%. Here are some key benefits:
1. Overcoming Infertility
For many, IVF is a last resort after other fertility treatments have failed. It can be a solution for various infertility issues, such as blocked fallopian tubes, male infertility, or unexplained fertility problems. IVF allows fertilisation to occur outside the body, bypassing several barriers that may prevent natural conception.
2. Increased Success Rates
IVF offers higher success rates than many other fertility treatments, especially with advances in techniques like genetic screening and embryo freezing. For women over 35, IVF with donor eggs can be particularly effective in improving the chances of a successful pregnancy.
3. Control Over Timing
IVF provides more control over the timing of conception. Women undergoing IVF can schedule their treatment to coincide with the best possible circumstances, whether it’s their health, age, or their ability to manage the physical and emotional toll of treatment.
4. Family Planning for Same-Sex Couples and Single Individuals
IVF is also a valuable tool for same-sex couples and single individuals who wish to have biological children. Through the use of egg or sperm donors, IVF can help them achieve their family-building goals.
Potential Risks and Side Effects of IVF
While IVF is a remarkable treatment, it is not without its risks. "Understanding these potential side effects is essential for anyone undergoing the procedure," Dr Narayana shared.
1. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)
One of the most common risks associated with IVF is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a condition where the ovaries become swollen and painful due to the hormones used to stimulate egg production. In severe cases, OHSS can cause bloating, nausea, and, in rare instances, life-threatening complications. Fortunately, advancements in medication and treatment protocols have helped reduce the severity of OHSS.
2. Multiple Births
IVF increases the likelihood of multiple pregnancies, such as twins or triplets, because doctors often implant more than one embryo to increase the chances of success. Multiple births carry higher risks, including premature labour, low birth weight, and complications during delivery. Modern IVF practices, such as elective single embryo transfer (eSET), aim to reduce the incidence of multiple pregnancies.
3. Ectopic Pregnancy
“Although rare, IVF can lead to an ectopic pregnancy, where the embryo implants outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. This condition is dangerous and requires immediate medical attention. Early detection through ultrasound can help prevent complications,” our expert shared.
4. Emotional and Psychological Impact
The IVF process is physically and emotionally demanding. The stress of undergoing multiple rounds of treatment, combined with the uncertainty of the outcome, can take a toll on mental health. It's essential to have a strong support system in place, including counselling and emotional support, to navigate the ups and downs of the IVF journey.
5. Financial Strain
IVF can be an expensive process, often requiring multiple cycles to achieve success. The costs of medications, doctor’s visits, and procedures can add up, and many insurance plans may not cover the full cost. The financial burden can add stress to an already challenging experience, and some individuals may need to explore financing options or seek support from fertility grants.
Weighing the Risks and Benefits
The decision to pursue IVF is a deeply personal one, often influenced by a combination of medical, emotional, and financial factors. For many, the potential benefits of IVF far outweigh the risks, as it offers the possibility of having a biological child when other options are limited. However, it's crucial to have a comprehensive discussion with a fertility specialist to fully understand the risks and create a personalised treatment plan.
"Ultimately, IVF’s success depends on several factors, including age, the cause of infertility, and the quality of the eggs and sperm. By addressing the risks head-on and preparing for the physical and emotional demands of the process, individuals and couples can navigate IVF with a greater sense of confidence and clarity," Dr Narayana highlighted.
Bottomline
In Vitro Fertilisation has undoubtedly transformed the landscape of fertility treatments, offering hope to many who otherwise may not have had the opportunity to become parents. While it does come with risks and potential side effects, medical advancements have significantly minimised these challenges. The benefits of IVF—helping individuals and couples build families—are vast, and for many, the risks are a small price to pay for the chance at parenthood. For anyone considering IVF, a thorough understanding of the process, potential risks, and benefits is important to provide the clarity needed to make an informed decision.