Pregnancy is a delicate and remarkable journey that can significantly impact the health of the mother and the fetus. While getting a diagnosis of a ‘low-risk’ pregnancy might be a relief, a recent study by Lancet has relieved some shocking findings.
The study ‘Adverse birth outcomes among women with ‘low-risk’ pregnancies in India’ stated that abnormalities and stillbirth rates were almost comparable in pregnancies labelled ‘low-risk and ‘high-risk.’
Results of the Study
Lancet used the National Family Health Survey 2019-21 (NFHS) as the basis of their research. NFHS interviewed a total of 724,115 women aged 15–49 years of age. The Lancet informed in their study that out of the total number of pregnancies assessed, 46.6% of India’s newborn deaths and 56.3% of stillbirths were among women who were ‘low risk’ according to national guidelines.
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Exploring the reasons for these surprising results, The Lancet concluded the following as the possible reasons for the high rate of stillbirths and abnormalities in ‘low-risk- pregnancies:
- After receiving a ‘low-risk’ label, many mothers were directed to lower-level facilities for delivery. These facilities do not have provisions to cater to unexpected complications during pregnancy and add significantly to the burden of stillbirths in India.
- The term ‘low-risk’ is attributed to pregnancies based on population-level pregnancy factors. This basis is insufficient to accurately predict the risk of unexpected complications and adverse birth outcomes at the individual level during pregnancy.
- The lack of medical facilities in India that can provide rapid treatment, surgical care, anaesthesia, blood transfusion, and newborn intensive care to tackle unexpected complications during pregnancy or delivery.
- In many Indian states, the efforts to expand access to maternal care and reduce home births have encouraged delivery in non-hospital facilities like primary health centres or community health centres, which generally lack advanced services and are debilitated with severe human resource shortages for doctors and specialists.
Tips For Prenatal Care
Prenatal care and maternal well-being play a crucial role in preventing adversity. While some factors may be beyond your control, there are steps expectant mothers can take to reduce the risk of newborn adversity during pregnancy significantly. Some of the essential strategies that can contribute to a healthier pregnancy and increase the likelihood of a positive outcome for both mother and baby are:
- Nutrition and Supplementation: Pregnancy is filled with wild cravings and aversion towards certain foods. Yet, a pregnant woman must consume a balanced diet and never skip their prescribed prenatal vitamins.
- Prenatal Visits: Consistent prenatal check-ups with healthcare professionals and getting routine screenings can help identify potential risks and allow for timely interventions.
- Staying Active: Consult a doctor and certified experts to start practising safe exercises to promote cardiovascular health and alleviate discomfort.
- Hydration and Rest: Meeting daily water and sleep requirements is essential to support the mother's and baby's well-being.
- Avoiding Harmful Substances: The importance of abstaining from tobacco, alcohol, recreational drugs, and certain medications during pregnancy has been hammered into us since time immemorial. Additionally, pregnant mothers should avoid exposure to harmful chemicals and pollutants as much as possible.
- Emotional Well-being: A stressed mind can negatively affect the growing baby. Pregnant mothers should practice relaxation exercises, meditation, and mindfulness to manage stress. Seeking emotional support from loved ones, support groups, or mental health professionals can also be beneficial.
Reducing the risk of newborn adversity starts with proactive steps during pregnancy. Taking preventive measures and prioritising your health and well-being during pregnancy can significantly increase the chances of a positive outcome for you and your baby. Each pregnancy is unique, and it's essential to work closely with your healthcare provider to tailor these strategies to your needs.