A recent study published in The Lancet has brought concerns stating that deaths due to liver cancer can reach 1.3 million a year by 2050, if the current trends continue. The warning is also a call to action as the research shows that most cases of liver cancer, at least 60%, are preventable. Therefore, by knowing the risk factors and taking preventive measures, we can alter this devastating course.
In we talk numbers, worldwide, liver cancer is ranked sixth among most frequent cancers and third among cancer-related mortality. The same report by the Lancet considered trends and data from across the globe, and emphasises the key factors behind this expected surge. Though viral hepatitis (B and C) still tops the liver cancer causality list, the report also identifies metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and alcohol drinking as dominant causes.
To understand this better, we decided to get in touch with our expert, Dr Bhumesh Tyagi, Consultant, General Medicine and Physician, Shardacare, Health City, Noida, who explained to us that these are mostly modifiable risk factors, and so we have the ability to safeguard our liver health. Below is an overview of the major threats and how to address them. Here is what he shared with us.
Also Read: Can You Consume Eggs With A Stomach Ulcer, Or Do You Need To Avoid Them?
Three Major Risk Factors of Liver Cancer and How to Address Them
1. Viral Hepatitis (Hepatitis B and C)
Chronic infections with hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) are the major cause of liver cancer globally. These viruses can cause cirrhosis, a condition in which healthy liver cells are replaced by scarring of the liver, which itself greatly raises the risk of cancer.
How to prevent: The best protection from HBV infection is immunization by vaccination. The HBV vaccine is a safe and effective method of protecting your family and yourself. The CDC advises all children and adults aged up to 59 years to receive the HBV vaccine. Although an HCV vaccine does not exist, you can lower your risk by not engaging in activities that expose you to infected blood, such as sharing needles or other drug equipment, and using safe sex.
Screening and Treatment: You may be able to have a chronic hepatitis infection without even realizing it. Regular screening is important, particularly if you belong to a high-risk group. If you have a diagnosis of a chronic infection, there are good treatments that can prevent further liver damage and lower your chances of developing liver cancer by a very large amount.
2. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
This condition, which is frequently associated with obesity and diabetes, is a mounting public health issue worldwide. It's defined by an overload of fat in the liver that can develop into inflammation and then cirrhosis. The Lancet report estimates that the rate of liver cancer caused by MASLD will grow by around a third by 2050.
The Strength of an Active Life: Keeping a healthy weight and exercising regularly are your strongest weapons against MASLD. A healthy diet that is full of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and minimal in saturated and trans fats, can help to have a healthy liver.
Managing Diabetes: If you have diabetes, controlling your blood glucose levels effectively is essential, as diabetes is a recognized risk factor for liver cancer.
3. Overuse of Alcohol
Excessive alcohol consumption is a main driver of cirrhosis, which is a major risk factor for liver cancer. The Lancet report predicts that alcohol will contribute an increasingly large proportion of liver cancer cases by the year 2050.
Moderation is Essential: Reducing or abstaining from alcohol drinking is an effective means of guarding your liver. The Mayo Clinic advises that for a woman, a moderate quantity is up to one drink daily, while for a man it is up to two drinks daily. By abstaining from drinking, you will be further lowering your risk.
Early Signs Of Liver Cancer
In its initial phases, liver cancer is usually symptom-free. Once the condition advances, however, be on the lookout for the signs. They can be:
- Unintentional weight loss
- Abdominal pain in the upper right quadrant that radiates to the shoulder
- Sensation of fullness following a light meal
- Nausea and anorexia
- Yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
- Swelling in the belly (ascites)
If you notice any of these symptoms, particularly if you have underlying risk factors, it is imperative that you see a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis is the key to improved prognosis.
Bottomline
The research in the Lancet study are a reminder of the gravity of an urgent combined effort to tackle liver cancer. By taking informed decisions about our health, ranging from vaccination to being healthy and reducing alcohol consumption, we can not only save ourselves but also shape a healthier world for everyone.