Infertility can be a challenging journey for couples, and it's essential to address both partners' health to identify any underlying issues. While often the focus is on female fertility, it's crucial to recognise the role of male fertility as well. For men experiencing infertility, a series of tests are available to diagnose potential issues and guide appropriate treatment.
Necessary Fertility Tests for Men
We spoke to our expert Dr Shrey Srivastav, General Physician - Sharda hospital to shed some light on the list of necessary fertility tests for men. Here's the comprehensive guide he shared.
1. General Physical Examination and Medical History
- A thorough examination of the genitals
- In-depth discussion about inherited conditions, chronic health problems, illnesses, injuries, surgeries, sexual habits, and sexual development during puberty
- This helps identify potential factors that could affect fertility.
2. Semen Analysis
- Semen sample is analysed in a laboratory
- Measures sperm count, morphology (shape), motility (movement), and presence of infection
- Provides valuable insights into sperm quality and quantity.
3. Scrotal Ultrasound
- Used to identify abnormalities in the testicles and supporting structures
- Particularly helpful in diagnosing conditions like varicocele, which can impact fertility.
4. Transrectal Ultrasound
- Examines the prostate and checks for blockages in the tubes that carry semen
- Helpful in identifying potential obstructions or structural issues.
5. Hormone Testing
- Blood test to measure hormone levels, including testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), and others
- Imbalances in hormone levels can indicate underlying issues affecting fertility.
6. Post-Ejaculation Urinalysis
- Checks for the presence of sperm in the urine after ejaculation
- Helpful in diagnosing retrograde ejaculation, where sperm travel backward into the bladder instead of exiting through the penis.
7. Genetic Tests
- Used to diagnose various congenital or inherited syndromes that may impact fertility
- Particularly important when sperm concentration is extremely low or when there's a family history of genetic conditions.
8. Testicular Biopsy
- Involves removing a small sample of testicular tissue for examination
- Helps diagnose conditions like azoospermia (absence of sperm in the semen) and provides information about sperm production.
9. Specialised Sperm Function Tests
- Assess sperm function beyond traditional measures like count and motility
- Includes tests to evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm penetration assays.
10. Anti-Sperm Antibodies Testing
- Checks for the presence of antibodies that may attack sperm, leading to infertility
- Important for diagnosing autoimmune conditions affecting fertility.
“Navigating male infertility requires a comprehensive approach, including thorough testing and personalised treatment plans. While these tests provide valuable information, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional specialising in reproductive health to interpret results accurately and develop a tailored treatment strategy,” said Dr Srivastav.
A Final Word
Understanding male fertility involves a series of diagnostic tests aimed at identifying potential issues affecting sperm quality, quantity, and function. By undergoing these tests and working closely with healthcare providers, men can take proactive steps towards addressing infertility and improving their chances of conception.