In recent years, the number of people struggling with obesity has climbed dramatically. We hear about its links to diabetes, heart disease, joint pain, and fatigue. But what rarely makes it to mainstream conversations is obesity’s lesser-known, but equally alarming: connection with certain cancers. Among these, ovarian cancer stands out as a hidden threat, particularly for women in their 40s and beyond.
We spoke to Dr Arun Kumar Goel, Chairman, Surgical Oncology, Andromeda Cancer Hospital, Sonipat, who explained the link between obesity and cancer.
What Is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, often going undetected until later stages. This cancer occurs when ovarian cells multiply uncontrollably and grow into surrounding tissues, as reported by the Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance. It comes in several forms, depending on the cell type affected: epithelial, germ, or stromal cells.
Risk factors are genetic susceptibility (mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2), age, reproductive history, long-term hormone replacement therapy, and excess weight. Unfortunately, it tends to remain undiagnosed until it is in its late stage, hence the moniker "silent killer." This is because its initial signs, such as bloating, pelvic pain, or altered appetite, are vague and easily confused with less severe conditions.
Also Read: Early Undetected Signs Of Ovarian Cancer You Need To Be Aware Of, Expert Sheds Light
How Obesity Fuels Cancer Risk
Obesity is a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or more. In females, excess fat tissue is not merely stored energy; it is biologically active and can interfere with the hormonal balance. Fat tissue secretes estrogen, and high levels of oestrogen have been associated with high risks of hormone-related cancers, including breast and ovarian cancer.
Beyond that, obesity can lead to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. These conditions provide an ideal climate for cancer to develop, grow, and spread unnoticed by the immune system. In 2023, a study revealed that obese women were more likely to develop ovarian cancer and have worse survival outcomes. Obesity may also influence how aggressively the disease spreads (metastasizes) and how effectively treatments work.
Dr Goel explains, “Fat cells release substances called adipokines, which can influence cancer cell behaviour. These molecules may promote cell growth and migration, making the cancer harder to control.”
Obesity's Impact on Ovarian Cancer
Obesity doesn’t just raise the risk of developing ovarian cancer, it can also affect outcomes after diagnosis. "Research indicates that obese women are more likely to develop ovarian cancer, have poorer prognosis, and can have decreased treatment efficacy. Potential mechanisms involve increased estrogen from adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and interactions with genetic elements," added Dr Goel.
Also Read: Can You Prevent Obesity? Expert Shares "Yes" and How
Prevention and Treatment
The good news is that obesity is a reversible risk factor. Small but consistent changes in lifestyle can make a huge impact. Here's what doctors say:
- Eat a balanced diet to maintain a healthy weight.
- Be physically active, achieving a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week.
- Steer clear of processed foods and added sugars that lead to weight gain and inflammation.
- Regular check-ups for health, particularly for individuals who have a history of ovarian or breast cancer.
- Talk to your doctor about preventing it through weight loss treatments or bariatric surgery if required.
For individuals already diagnosed with ovarian cancer, weight control is integral to treatment. Dr Goel emphasised, “An integrated approach, including nutritional support, fitness guidance, and psychological counselling, can significantly improve quality of life and treatment response."
Bottomline
Addressing obesity is vital for improving ovarian cancer prognosis and overall women's health. Further research is necessary to understand the complex interactions and develop effective interventions.
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your professional if you are dealing with any health issue to avoid complications.]