Cervical Cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women with an estimated 6,04,000 new cases and 3,42,000 deaths in 2020, and what’s astonishing is the fact that people are not aware of it as much as they should be. In around 99% of cases of cervical cancer, the contributing element is the HPV (human papillomavirus) infection, an extremely common virus that transmits through sexual contact.
Though cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, effective primary (HPV vaccination) and secondary prevention approaches (screening for, and treating precancerous lesions) will prevent most cervical cancer cases, according to the WHO. However, before going forward to prevention, it is important to understand the condition, the causes, and the risk factors behind it.
Understanding Symptoms Of Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer typically remains asymptomatic until later stages, making early detection challenging. However, recognizing certain signs is crucial. Dr. Uma Dangi, Consultant Medical Oncology, Fortis Hospital, emphasizes the importance of seeking medical attention if experiencing:
- Postcoital vaginal bleeding
- Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding
- Irregular vaginal bleeding
- Unusually heavy menstrual bleeding
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge with blood
- Swelling in both legs
- Persistent fatigue
- Deep pelvic pain during intercourse
- Dull lower backache
- Blood in urine or painful urination
Risk Factors
Understanding the risk factors associated with cervical cancer is vital for preventive care and early detection. Key factors include:
Smoking Tobacco
Smoking significantly elevates the risk of cervical cancer, especially when combined with HPV infection. Prolonged infections become more resistant, increasing the likelihood of developing cancer.
Number of Sexual Partners
Cervical cancer risk correlates with sexual history. Multiple sexual partners, along with their respective histories, heighten the chance of encountering HPV, the primary cause of cervical cancer.
Early Sexual Activity
Early initiation of sexual activity raises susceptibility to HPV infections. This emphasizes the need for age-appropriate sexual health education and awareness.
Other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
The presence of additional STIs amplifies the risk of HPV infections, further increasing the chances of cervical cancer.
Weakened Immune System
Individuals with compromised immune systems due to underlying health conditions face an increased risk of cervical cancer when infected with HPV. Maintaining overall immune health is crucial.
Steps To Prevent Cervical Cancer
Cervical Cancer is a relatively avoidable condition and that can be done by adopting certain changes in lifestyle.
Quit Smoking
Kicking the habit can boost the immune system, reducing the risk of cervical cancer and other health issues.
Exercise Regularly
Regular exercise enhances energy, mood, and the immune system. Studies indicate improved physical and mental health in cancer patients who engage in daily exercise.
Also Read: Ladies! Here Are 6 Ways To Reduce Your Risk Of Cervical Cancer
Avoid Consuming Birth Control Pills
Certain studies suggest a link between birth control pill usage and an increased risk of cervical cancer. Being cautious about their consumption is advisable.
Avoid Multiple Sex Partners
Women with multiple sexual partners face a higher risk due to increased exposure to HPV. Practising safe sex methods is crucial for prevention.
Regular Pap Smear Or Screening
After the age of 30, regular pap smears and HPV screenings are advised for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.
Make Dietary Changes
A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is recommended to reduce the risk of cervical cancer. Obesity increases the likelihood of developing this cancer, making healthy dietary choices essential.
Bottomline
As we observe Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, it is imperative to educate women about the importance of preventive measures. Lifestyle changes, coupled with regular screenings and awareness, can significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer. By fostering a proactive approach towards women's health, we can strive to make cervical cancer a preventable and manageable condition.