Obesity and overweight were diseases that were largely considered a problem of the Western world. However, a recent study published in the Lancet, that measured weight-related statistics from 1990 to 2022 found that Indians are not far behind. In fact, India is going through an obesity crisis right now.
The study was conducted by the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration and classified 70% of India's urban population as obese or overweight, which amounts to approximately eight crore individuals. Out of this magnanimous count, a shocking one crore are from the age group of 5-19 years. Being obese or overweight is not just stress-inducing or a source of insecurity, it can be deadly as it leads to a plethora of non-communicable diseases.
Obesity Causes Non-Communicable Diseases
Obesity is a significant public health issue not just in India but globally, with its prevalence steadily increasing over the past few decades. Alongside this rise, there has been a parallel surge in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. While genetics and lifestyle factors play roles in the development of these diseases, the correlation between obesity and NCDs is unmistakable.
A study published in the International Journal of Hypertension shared some non-communicable diseases that can be a consequence of obesity:
Cardiovascular Diseases
Obesity significantly increases the risk of coronary artery disease, stroke, and hypertension. Excess body fat can lead to elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as high blood pressure, all of which are major risk factors for heart disease and stroke.
Type 2 Diabetes
Obesity is the leading risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Excess body fat, particularly around the abdomen, impairs the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels effectively. Over time, this can lead to insulin resistance and ultimately, the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Certain Cancers
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer, including breast, colon, kidney, and pancreatic cancer. While the exact mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully understood, it is believed that the chronic inflammation and hormonal changes associated with obesity play a role in cancer development.
Respiratory Disorders
Obesity can also impact respiratory health, increasing the risk of conditions such as sleep apnea and asthma. Excess weight can put pressure on the airways, leading to breathing difficulties during sleep and exacerbating symptoms of asthma.
Joint Problems
The additional weight carried by obese individuals puts extra stress on the joints, particularly those in the knees, hips, and lower back. This can lead to joint pain, osteoarthritis, and reduced mobility, further exacerbating the cycle of weight gain and inactivity.
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The Lancet report has revealed just how dire the weight problem is in India. It is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. That is why it is essential to address the root cause of obesity by promoting healthy eating, indulging in regular physical activity, creating a supporting environment for those struggling with poor food habits and weight issues, and consulting a healthcare professional in case the cause of obesity is an underlying health issue. This is essential for reducing the burden of obesity-related NCDs and improving public health outcomes globally.