In the advancing scenario of healthcare, it’s very important to stay cautious against common illnesses to live a healthy life. But when we talk about these common illnesses, women deal with many more health problems than men. Women are essential pillars of family and society, still they suffer poor health issues nationwide. Because of lifestyle decisions and the roller coaster rides that they go through in all phases of their lives; women’s health conditions have taken a leap. India’s healthcare sector has advanced tremendously in recent years. But have we done enough to address women’s health issues?
There are still several common diseases that women need to be aware of. From cardiovascular issues to hormonal imbalances. Let's discuss the concerns that demand attention and the preventive steps women can adopt in 2024 to lead healthier lives.
1.Cardiovascular diseases
“Cardiovascular diseases, once thought to predominantly affect men, are increasingly becoming a significant health concern for women. According to recent studies, Indian women are at 25% higher risk of having heart disease than men. Breathlessness, sharp chest pain, discomfort, limb numbness, and upper abdominal or chest pain are among the symptoms. Heart difficulties can arise due to several risk factors, including high blood pressure or cholesterol, being overweight, smoking, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and family history of cardiovascular illnesses,” said Ms Kanchan Naikawadi, Managing Director and Preventive Healthcare Specialist, Indus Health Plus. Prioritising heart health involves regular exercise, a balanced diet with walnuts and oats, quitting smoking, monitoring cholesterol with lipid tests, and a fruit-rich diet to mitigate risks.
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2.Cervical Cancer
“Cervical Cancer is one such illness that remains a major concern. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research's National Cancer Registry Programme (ICMR-NCRP), the estimated number of cervical cancer cases in the country in 2023 was more than 3.4 lakh. Cervical cancer is primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) which causes sexually transmitted infection, and it is the leading cancer in Indian women and the second most common cancer in women worldwide,” said Ms Naikawadi. Vaccination at the age of 9-14 years prevents HPV infection and related cancers. Screening from the age of 30 years, helps in early 25 for HIV+ women) detection and treatment of cervical disease, preventing cervical cancer. Early detection and quality treatment can cure cervical cancer at any age with symptoms in most of the cases.
3.Diabetes
Diabetes is on the rise among Indian women, attributed to sedentary lifestyles and dietary choices. An unhealthy diet, not exercising regularly, high blood pressure/stress, obesity, unhealthy food intake, excess sugar intake and family history can cause diabetes. Preventive measures include maintaining a healthy weight, adopting a balanced diet rich in fibre, and engaging in regular physical activity. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is crucial for early detection and management.
4.Breast Cancer
Breast cancer accounts for 25-32% of female cancers in India. Women in their adult years should get a mammography examination every two to three years to diagnose breast cancer. In addition, the doctor may recommend a breast MRI, biopsy, and ultrasound. Women can undertake a self-examination every 3-5 days after their menstrual cycle to check for the development of any lumps or swelling to detect early illness symptoms.
5.Anaemia
According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), anaemia affects 57% of women. It is a common condition affecting approximately 60% of adolescent females and 50% of pregnant women. Early signs of anaemia, like fatigue and headaches, escalate with the risk of infections, heart, and lung issues. Detected through a Complete Blood Count (CBC) test every few years, anaemia results from a shortage of healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin or due to Vitamin B12 deficiency. Prevent it by consuming iron and vitamin C-rich foods like beans, leafy greens, fruits, and dry fruits.
6. Depression and anxiety
The hectic pace of life takes a toll on women's mental well-being, leading to common issues like anxiety and depression. To counter this, prioritise mental health with mindfulness practices, seeking help, and fostering open conversations. Include antioxidant-rich foods like berries, nuts, seeds, and fish to protect brain cells. Seek counselling when necessary.
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7. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS affects a significant percentage of Indian women, causing hormonal imbalances that can affect women's reproductive system. Irregular periods, hirsutism, and weight gain are the common symptoms of PCOS. It is the most prevailing female endocrine disorder and the pre-eminent cause of infertility, with a worldwide range of 6-26%, and in India, it is 3.7-22.5%. Risk factors that contribute to the development of PCOS include genetics, sedentary lifestyle, diet, and obesity. PCOS is a chronic condition and cannot be cured. However, some symptoms can be improved through lifestyle changes, medications, and fertility treatments.