Leg pain is a common complaint that many people attribute to overexertion, ageing, or minor injuries. However, what might seem like an ordinary ache could be a warning sign of something far more serious—high cholesterol. Elevated cholesterol levels can lead to Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD), a condition that restricts blood flow to the limbs, particularly the legs, resulting in pain, cramps, or discomfort. Recognizing this symptom early and addressing the underlying cause could be crucial in preventing more severe health complications, including heart attacks and strokes.
Link Between High Cholesterol and Leg Pain
Cholesterol, a fatty substance found in the blood, is necessary for building healthy cells. However, when cholesterol levels are too high, it can lead to the buildup of fatty deposits (plaques) in your arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. Over time, these plaques can harden and narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow to various parts of the body, including the legs.
Dr Vimal Pahuja, Consultant General and Metabolic Physician, Dr L H Hiranandani Hospital, Powai, Mumbai, emphasises the importance of recognizing leg pain as a potential symptom of high cholesterol. "Some people with high cholesterol may experience leg pain, which they may ignore or consider a trivial problem," says Dr Pahuja. "High cholesterol causes the blood vessels to narrow, that is, Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD), which results in reduced blood flow to the limbs. This, in a way, deprives the legs of enough blood circulation that may lead to pain, cramps, or discomfort when involved in some form of exercise or activity."
Also read: 10 Morning Rituals To Lower High Cholesterol Levels
Dangers of Ignoring Leg Pain
Ignoring leg pain could have serious consequences. PAD is not just a sign of high cholesterol; it is also a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. If left untreated, PAD can escalate, increasing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and even limb amputation in severe cases.
A study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology highlights the connection between PAD and cardiovascular events. The study found that individuals with PAD are at a higher risk of experiencing heart attacks and strokes compared to those without PAD. Furthermore, the study noted that many patients with PAD had no prior history of heart disease, underscoring the importance of early detection and management of the condition.
Dr Pahuja advises, "It is important that as a cardiologist/general physician, we are able to identify PAD in its early stages. Patients with unexplained pain in the leg should get their cholesterol checked and possibly other vascular tests." Early detection of high cholesterol and PAD can prevent the progression of the disease and reduce the risk of serious cardiovascular events.
Also read: Here Are Types Of Milk That Can Help You Reduce Bad Cholesterol
What You Can Do
If you experience unexplained leg pain, especially during physical activity, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional. A simple blood test can determine your cholesterol levels, and further tests, such as an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test, can assess the presence of PAD.
Managing high cholesterol involves a combination of lifestyle changes and, if necessary, medication. "Cholesterol can be controlled by diet and exercise, medication, and blood pressure checks to avoid complications and deterioration of cardiovascular health," notes Dr Pahuja.
Conclusion
Leg pain should not be ignored, especially if you have other risk factors for high cholesterol, such as a family history of heart disease, smoking, or being overweight. By recognizing leg pain as a potential warning sign of high cholesterol, you can take proactive steps to manage your cholesterol levels and protect your overall health. Regular check-ups, a healthy diet, and staying active are key to preventing the complications associated with high cholesterol and PAD. If you’re experiencing persistent leg pain, don’t dismiss it—seek medical advice to ensure your cardiovascular health is in check.