Testes are a part of the male reproductive system, which is located within the scrotum. Testicular cancer occurs when the cells in the testes grow uncontrollably, causing a tumour. The rate at which the cancer cells develop can be high, which is why it can also spread to other parts of the body. Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Sachin Trivedi, Director-Medical Oncology, HCG Hospitals Cancer Centre, Mumbai, explained testicular cancer, its symptoms, and signs that indicate advanced testicular cancer, a cancer that may be malignant.
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How Common Is Testicular Cancer Among Men?
“Testicular cancer is a rare form of cancer among men as compared to prostate and any other form of cancer,” said Dr Trivedi, adding that the incidences of testicular cancer are higher in younger people.
According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), testicular cancer is not common and about 1 of every 250 males will develop testicular cancer at some point during their lifetime. As per the International Journal of Cancer, in 2020, testicular cancer was the most common cancer in men aged 15 to 44 in 62 countries worldwide.
Though the reasons are unknown, Dr Trivedi said that the risk factors may include an undescended testicle, abnormal testicle development, family history, and genetics. Early and timely detection and treatment offer a higher chance of survival, he added.
Early Symptoms
Some of the early symptoms of testicular cancer may include:
- Lump in the testicles
- Swelling on both sides of the testicles
- Heaviness, numbness, and discomfort in both testicles
- Slow and mild pain in the groin and lower abdomen
- Back pain
How To Know If The Cancer Has Spread?
Dr Trivedi said, “Metastatic cancer varies from patient to patient and also depends on the stage of the cancer and its recurrence. It can be detected by various tests, CT scans, X-rays, and blood tests. The most common areas where testicular cancer can spread are the kidneys and the lymph nodes around the chest, pelvis, bones, and neck. It must be remembered that if caught in time testicular, testicular cancer is almost 100 % curable with current oncological treatment. The key is to report early to your oncologist.”
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Advanced testicular cancer can also cause certain symptoms. These include:
- A persistent cough
- Coughing or spitting up blood
- Shortness of breath
- Swelling and enlargement of male breasts
- A lump or swelling in your neck
- Lower back pain
Conclusion
Testicular cancer is not the most common cancer to occur in men. However, if there are signs, it should be addressed and consulted with a doctor. Getting timely diagnosis and proper treatment helps not only in increasing the chances of survival, but also in improving one’s quality of life.