Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects a significant number of women across different age groups. It disrupts the balance of reproductive hormones, leading to symptoms such as irregular periods, acne, weight gain, and even infertility. Beyond reproductive health, PCOS is linked to metabolic complications like insulin resistance, diabetes, high blood pressure, and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The impact of PCOS, however, varies at different stages of a woman's life. From adolescence to menopause, it presents unique challenges that require tailored management strategies to ensure overall well-being.
To understand how PCOS affects women at different stages of life, OnlyMyHealth team interacted with Dr Shruti Kotangale, Gynaecologist and Obstetrician, AIMS Hospital, Dombivli. She explains, “PCOS causes a variety of symptoms including menstrual irregularities, acne, unwanted hair growth, insulin resistance, weight gain, and even infertility. Women with PCOS are at higher risk of developing diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, they are more likely to experience mental health challenges such as stress, anxiety, and depression.”
To better understand the impact of PCOS, it’s essential to explore how it affects women during different stages of life and what can be done to manage it effectively.
PCOS During Teenage Years (13-19)
For teenagers, PCOS often presents a range of challenges during this critical period of hormonal and sexual development. “Teen girls with PCOS may limit their physical activity due to peer pressure or stress related to academics and exams, which can lead to weight gain,” says Dr Kotangale. The appearance of acne, menstrual irregularities, and weight gain can also contribute to a decline in self-esteem and social isolation. These girls may feel embarrassed or fear ridicule from their peers, further impacting their mental health.
Additionally, teenagers with PCOS might face body image issues due to changes in their physical appearance, further amplifying emotional distress. Addressing these concerns early on through counseling and support is vital for a teenager's well-being.
PCOS During the 20s and 30s
Women in their 20s and 30s, often in the prime of their reproductive years, may encounter significant challenges related to fertility due to PCOS. "PCOS can cause anovulation, or the inability to ovulate, which makes conceiving difficult for women who wish to start a family," Dr. Kotangale highlights. Women with PCOS may also experience complications during pregnancy, such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes.
While infertility is a major concern, advancements in fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) offer hope. Dr Kotangale reassures, “Women with PCOS should not panic, as Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) like IVF can help them conceive successfully. Consulting an expert at the right time is crucial.”
PCOS in the 40s and Beyond
As women approach their 40s, they may experience a range of symptoms related to PCOS during perimenopause. "Abnormal menstrual bleeding is common in women with PCOS during this stage, which can raise the risk of anemia," explains Dr Kotangale. In addition to menstrual issues, PCOS-affected women may also face challenges such as high cholesterol and high blood pressure, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Maintaining health in the later stages of life requires vigilance and regular check-ups to monitor heart health and hormone levels, ensuring timely interventions when needed.
Also read: Can You Have PCOS Even When You Get Your Periods Regularly?
PCOS Management Tips
PCOS can be managed effectively with lifestyle modifications and medical interventions. Dr Kotangale recommends the following:
- Nutritious diet: Women with PCOS should follow a balanced and nutritious diet rich in fiber, lean proteins, and healthy fats while avoiding processed foods and sugars. A diet focused on improving insulin sensitivity is key.
- Regular exercise: Daily physical activity, including a combination of cardio and strength training, is essential to manage weight and improve insulin resistance.
- Stress management: Practices such as yoga and meditation can help women reduce stress, which is a known trigger for worsening PCOS symptoms.
- Medical interventions: For women struggling with insulin resistance, medications like metformin may be prescribed to improve metabolic function. Women trying to conceive should consult a fertility expert to explore treatment options, including ARTs.
- Routine check-ups: Regular follow-ups with a gynecologist are crucial for monitoring symptoms and preventing complications such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.
“Managing PCOS is a long-term commitment, but with the right approach, women can lead healthy and fulfilling lives,” concludes Dr Kotangale. By adhering to a healthy lifestyle and seeking appropriate medical care, women at all stages of life can mitigate the effects of PCOS and reduce the risk of related health issues.