Do You Have Atopic Dermatitis? Here’s How It Can Put You At Risk Of Food Allergies

Atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, is a chronic skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. While it primarily affects the skin, experts have elucidated that it has shown a significant link between atopic dermatitis and the development of food allergies. Understanding this connection is crucial for those managing eczema and their families. Talking to the team of Onlymyhealth, Dr G Manmohan, Senior Consultant Dermatologist, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderguda and Dr Priti Mahire, BAMS, Clinical Cosmetologist and Trichologist, Skinshine Skin Clinic, Kalyan shed light on what you need to know about how atopic dermatitis and how it can increase your risk of food allergies.

What Is Atopic Dermatitis?

Dr Manmohan explained, "Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a chronic condition characterised by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. While it frequently affects young children, it can manifest at any age and often experiences periodic flare-ups."

"This skin condition requires the liberal application of a significant amount of moisturiser. Atopic dermatitis tends to worsen in dry environments, such as during the winter months. Prolonged exposure to a dry environment can further deplete the skin's moisture," said Dr Mahire.

Dr Manmohan and Dr Mahire listed the common symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis:

• Dry, scaly skin: A hallmark of eczema, leading to intense itching and discomfort.
• Red patches: Often found on the cheeks, arms, and legs.
• Thickened skin: Chronic scratching can cause the skin to thicken in affected areas.
• Cracked skin: Severe cases may result in painful, cracked skin that can bleed or become infected.

Link Between Atopic Dermatitis and Food Allergies

The American Academy of Dermatology Association (AAD) explained that atopic dermatitis represents the most prevalent type of eczema, a group of conditions characterised by skin inflammation. 

According to a study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, food allergies have been extensively documented in about one-third of children experiencing moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Cow's milk, hen's egg, peanuts, wheat, soy, nuts, and fish account for over 90% of food allergies observed in children with AD. Here’s how it can increase your risk of food allergies:

Impaired Skin Barrier

One of the primary reasons for the connection between atopic dermatitis and food allergies is an impaired skin barrier. In healthy individuals, the skin acts as a protective barrier against environmental allergens and irritants. However, in those with eczema, this barrier is compromised, allowing allergens to penetrate the skin more easily.

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Immune System Response

When allergens breach the skin barrier, they come into contact with immune cells, which can trigger an exaggerated immune response. This can lead to the development of sensitisation to various allergens, including foods. Sensitisation means the immune system has become overly responsive to a particular substance, even if it hasn't caused problems before.

Inflammation and Allergic Reactions

Chronic inflammation in the skin can also contribute to the development of food allergies. The persistent immune response in the skin of atopic dermatitis patients may increase the likelihood of developing food allergies. This is because the immune system is already on high alert, making it more prone to overreacting to potential allergens.

Common Food Allergies Linked to Atopic Dermatitis

Individuals with atopic dermatitis are more likely to develop allergies to certain foods. The most common food allergens include:

• Eggs
• Milk
• Peanuts
• Tree nuts
• Wheat
• Soy
• Fish
• Shellfish

Also Read: Can A Humidifier Reduce Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms And Prevent Breakouts? Expert Answers

These food allergies can cause a range of symptoms, from mild reactions like hives and itching to severe anaphylactic reactions, which require immediate medical attention.

The link between atopic dermatitis and food allergies underscores the importance of proactive management of eczema. By maintaining a healthy skin barrier and reducing inflammation, individuals with atopic dermatitis can potentially lower their risk of developing food allergies. Regular consultations with healthcare professionals can provide personalised strategies to manage both atopic dermatitis and any associated food allergies, ensuring a better quality of life.

Understanding this connection can empower those with atopic dermatitis to take control of their condition and reduce the risk of additional allergic reactions. Stay informed, stay proactive, and protect your health by managing your eczema effectively.