Iodine is a vital mineral that plays an important role, particularly in supporting thyroid function and regulating metabolism. “Excessive iodine consumption can lead to thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and, in certain cases, thyroid papillary carcinoma. Further, it may disturb the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea, as well as more serious symptoms such as delirium, stupor, and shock,” said Dr Ankit Tuteja, Associate Consultant, Internal Medicine, Aakash Healthcare, New Delhi. Health benefits of iodine and explore potential side effects:
Health Benefits of Iodine
1. Thyroid Health
As per Physiological reviews, iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones, which are essential for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. Adequate iodine intake is necessary to prevent thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism. It is also called underactive thyroid and goiter enlargement of the thyroid gland.
2. Regulates Metabolism
Thyroid hormones produced with the help of iodine play a vital role in maintaining metabolic rate, which influences energy levels, weight management, and overall body function.
3. Brain Development
Iodine is particularly important during pregnancy and infancy for proper brain development in the fetus and newborn. Insufficient iodine intake during these critical stages can lead to cognitive impairments and developmental delays in children.
4. Supports Immune Function
As per Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, iodine has antimicrobial properties and can help support immune function by fighting off harmful bacteria and pathogens.
5. Detoxification
Iodine is involved in the detoxification process in the body, particularly in helping to remove toxic substances like heavy metals and radioactive elements.
6. Maintains Healthy Skin and Hair
Adequate iodine levels are essential for maintaining healthy skin, hair, and nails. Iodine deficiency can lead to dry, rough skin and brittle hair.
Side Effects of Iodine
1. Iodine Overdose
While iodine is essential for health, excessive intake can lead to iodine toxicity, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. According to the American Thyroid Association, severe cases of iodine overdose can result in thyroid dysfunction or thyroiditis.
2. Thyroid Dysfunction
In some cases, excessive iodine intake can disrupt thyroid function, leading to hyperthyroidism overactive thyroid or hypothyroidism underactive thyroid. This is more likely to occur in individuals with pre-existing thyroid conditions or autoimmune thyroid disorders.
3. Allergic Reactions
Some individuals may be allergic to iodine and may experience allergic reactions such as rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing after exposure to iodine-containing products.
4. Drug Interactions
Iodine supplements or iodine-rich foods may interact with certain medications, such as thyroid hormones or medications used to treat thyroid disorders. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplements, especially if you're taking medications.
5. Risk of Excess Iodine During Pregnancy
While iodine is necessary for foetal brain development, excessive iodine intake during pregnancy can harm the growing foetus. Pregnant women should aim for enough but not excessive iodine intake and see their healthcare professional for advice.
Iodine is an important mineral for overall health, particularly in supporting thyroid function, metabolism, and brain development. However, it's essential to consume iodine in appropriate amounts to avoid adverse effects such as iodine toxicity or thyroid dysfunction. Incorporating iodine-rich foods like iodised salt, seafood, dairy products, and seaweed into your diet can help ensure adequate iodine intake.
As always, if you have any concerns about your iodine levels or supplementation, consult with a doctor for personalised advice.