Skin cancer is among the most common cancers worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are currently between 20 and 30 lakh cases of non-melanoma skin cancer and 1.32 lakh cases of melanoma skin cancer globally each year. Alarmingly, one in every three cancer diagnoses is skin cancer.
While many factors can contribute to skin cancer risk, one of the main causes is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. This type of radiation can also come from artificial sources such as tanning beds or sunlamps. But when considering UV radiation from the sun, various factors can affect the level of exposure and the associated risk.
Also Read: Explainer: Can Sunscreen Protect Against Skin Cancer?
How UV Radiation Increases The Risk Of Skin Cancer![]()
According to Cancer Research UK, there are two main types of UV rays: UVB and UVA.
UVB reaches the outer layer of the skin (the epidermis) and causes most sunburns, whereas UVA reaches deeper into the inner layer of the skin (the dermis) and is responsible for ageing the skin but contributes less towards sunburn, the charity shares.
It further explains that too much UV radiation exposure can damage the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) in the skin cells. If it continues for a long time, it can cause skin cells to grow uncontrollably, contributing to the risk of skin cancer.
Factors That Affect Ultraviolet (UV) Risk![]()
The American Cancer Society (ACS) suggests that several factors can influence the UV risk. These include:
Time of day: UV rays are strongest in the middle of the day, between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m..
Season of the year: UV rays are stronger during the spring and summer months and in early fall.
Distance from the equator (latitude): UV strength and exposure go down as you get further from the equator. People who live in areas with year-round, bright sunlight have a higher risk of skin cancer.
Altitude: More UV rays reach the ground at higher elevations.
Cloud cover: The effect of clouds can vary, but it's important to know that UV rays can get through to the ground, even on a cloudy day and even on a cold day.
Reflection off surfaces: UV rays can bounce off surfaces like water, sand, snow, or pavement, leading to an increase in UV exposure.
Also Read: Can Itchy Skin Be A Sign Of Cancer? Here's What Doctor Has To Say
How To Protect Yourself From UV Radiation![]()
To protect your skin from UV radiation, here are some measures to take:
- Wear long-sleeved, full-coverage clothing, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses to block UVA and UVB rays.
- Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 30 or higher at least 15 minutes before going outside. Reapply every two hours, or after swimming, sweating, or towelling off.
- Stay in the shade of trees, umbrellas, and canopies.
- Avoid indoor tanning and sun tanning.
- Check the UV index.
- Be extra careful near water and sand, as these surfaces reflect the sun's rays, which can increase your risk of sunburn.
- Get regular skin exams by dermatologists.
Conclusion
Many factors can contribute to skin cancer risk. However, the primary cause is UV exposure, which can be prevented. It is also important to know that several factors can influence UV exposure risk, from time of the day to the season to altitude. When it comes to reducing your risk of skin cancer, it is crucial to consider all factors and take into account measures you can take to protect your skin.