The chilly winters often come along with the joy of holidays and festive season. The snow covered landscapes and cosy winter evenings are everything we count on for, but we overlook the serious health risks due to the cold. While we often keep ourselves prepared for seasonal cold and flu, we underestimate the severe risks posed by prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures. Among these are hypothermia and frostbite both of which can have severe consequences if not addressed.
Though the two conditions share a common cause, they impact our body in different ways. To understand the difference between the two, OnlyMyHealth team interacted with Dr Aashna Kanchwala, Celebrity Cosmetologist and Aesthetic Physician, DermaPurity's Aesthetic Clinic, and Dr Shristi, Aesthetic Physician and Founder, Aviv Aesthetics.
What is Hypothermia?
According to the National Institutes of Health, hypothermia is a whole-body condition that occurs when the body’s core temperature drops below 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius). Dr Aashna Kanchwala explains, “This drastic temperature change causes severe shivering, confusion, and slurred speech, and can lead to unconsciousness. Hypothermia is a life-threatening condition that can result in organ failure or death if not treated promptly.”
Dr Shristi adds, “Hypothermia is a pathological state where the body loses heat faster than it can generate it. Symptoms include unmanageable muscle contractions, low blood pressure, and reduced cardiac output. Immediate treatment is crucial to prevent severe complications, including organ failure.”
Treatment for hypothermia focuses on gradually increasing the body’s temperature. This can involve wrapping the individual in blankets, administering warm fluids, and using specialised medical devices. “Covering the entire body and ensuring warmth is the first line of defence against worsening hypothermia,” advises Dr Kanchwala.
Also read: Winter Is Coming, Protect Your Baby From Hypothermia
What is Frostbite?
Frostbite, on the other hand, is a localised condition where specific areas of the skin freeze due to exposure to subzero temperatures. “Frostbite typically affects exposed parts like the ears, nose, fingers, and toes,” notes Dr Shristi. “Symptoms include numbness, pale or discoloured skin, and a sensation of pins and needles. In severe cases, blisters and tissue necrosis may occur, potentially leading to amputation.”
Dr Kanchwala highlights, “Early signs of frostbite include pink or white skin, numbness, and itchiness. Severe cases can result in tissue death requiring surgical removal of the affected area. Treatment involves gently rewarming the skin, avoiding direct heat or friction, and seeking medical intervention if the condition worsens.”
Key Differences Between Hypothermia and Frostbite
Scope of Impact:
- Hypothermia affects the entire body and its core temperature.
- Frostbite impacts specific exposed areas of the skin.
Symptoms:
- Hypothermia causes shivering, confusion, slurred speech, and a drop in vital functions.
- Frostbite results in numbness, discolouration, and in severe cases, tissue necrosis.
Severity and Consequences:
- Hypothermia is life-threatening and can lead to organ failure or death.
- Frostbite, while localised, can result in permanent tissue damage and amputation.
Treatment Approaches:
- Hypothermia requires whole-body warming techniques, including blankets and warm fluids.
- Frostbite necessitates targeted care, including gentle rewarming and avoiding direct heat.
Also read: Tired Of Your Winter Dry Skin Woes? Vitamin E Could Be The Secret To Soft, Hydrated Skin
Preventative Measures
Both conditions can be avoided with proper preparation and care during cold weather. Dr Kanchwala recommends wearing warm, insulated clothing and avoiding prolonged exposure to extreme cold. “It’s essential to monitor early symptoms of these conditions and act quickly,” she advises.
Dr Shristi adds, “Proactive changes to overall health and skincare can enhance skin resilience during winter. Using appropriate skincare and minimising exposure to harsh conditions are vital strategies for prevention.”
Conclusion
Understanding the differences between hypothermia and frostbite is crucial for effective prevention and treatment. As Dr Kanchwala summarises, “By recognising the signs and knowing how to react, individuals can better protect themselves and seek appropriate help when needed.”
Dr Shristi concludes, “With the right strategies, including insulated clothing and proactive skincare, it is possible to enjoy the winter months safely without compromising health or skin integrity.” Whether venturing out for winter sports or simply braving the daily chill, staying informed and prepared can make all the difference in safeguarding against these cold-induced conditions. Stay warm, stay safe, and take care of your skin and health this winter.