Meningitis, a serious inflammation affecting the brain and spinal cord's protective membranes, carries far-reaching consequences. One often overlooked yet significant issue related to meningitis is hearing loss. This can occur suddenly or gradually and can be temporary or permanent. We spoke to our expert Dr Pradeep Mahajan, Founder and Chief Managing Director, StemRx Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, who explained the connection between meningitis and hearing loss and how one can prevent it.
Connection Between Meningitis And Hearing Loss
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), meningitis can stem from various bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Many infections are communicable between individuals, while a small fraction of cases can result from injuries, cancers, or medications.
Bacterial meningitis is especially worrying as approximately 1 in 6 individuals diagnosed with this form of meningitis do not survive, and 1 in 5 experience severe complications.
"Meningitis, whether caused by viruses or bacteria, triggers an inflammatory response that can extend to the inner ear, impairing its delicate mechanisms responsible for hearing", added Dr Mahajan.
Pneumococcal infection, age, and concurrent AOM were risk factors for hearing loss, as stated in the journal Taylor and Francis Online.
“This damage isn't solely structural; it disrupts the intricate pathways through which sound is processed, affecting everything from hair cells to fluid balance. A spectrum of hearing loss, from temporary to permanent, with children being particularly vulnerable due to their developing immune systems and smaller bodies”, said Dr Mahajan.
According to the Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Bacterial Meningitis (ABM) often leads to hearing loss and deafness, which can cause social dysfunction and learning challenges.
Also Read: World Meningitis Day 2023: Expert Lists Signs In Children, Its Diagnosis, And Preventive Tips
Prevention For Hearing Loss
Prevention emerges as a vital tool in tackling meningitis-related hearing loss. Here are some preventive tips to follow, as listed by the expert:
- Vaccination against common bacterial culprits significantly reduces its incidence, emphasising the importance of proactive healthcare measures.
- Fostering good hygiene practices serves as a frontline defence against infections that can lead to meningitis.
“For those already grappling with hearing loss, early intervention becomes paramount. Hearing evaluations, aids, and rehabilitation services offer pathways to adaptation and improved communication. However, these approaches, while valuable, often address symptoms rather than underlying causes”, added Dr Mahajan.
According to the National Deaf Children's Society, all children who have experienced confirmed or suspected bacterial meningitis should undergo a hearing test within four weeks of reaching a sufficient level of wellness for testing, ideally before discharge from the hospital.
Role Of Regenerative Medicine
Dr Mahajan highlighted, “By replenishing or repairing cells, regenerative medicine aims to restore not just hearing but also the quality of life for those affected by meningitis-induced hearing loss. These tools not only promote tissue regeneration and reduce inflammation but also target genetic predispositions, offering tailored solutions that address root causes.”
“However, while the potential of regenerative medicine is undeniable, its journey from the lab to the clinic requires careful navigation. Collaborative efforts among researchers, clinicians, and industry partners are vital to optimise treatment protocols, ensuring both safety and efficacy”, added Dr Mahajan.
Bottomline
Dr Mahajan concluded, “As we navigate the intricate landscape of meningitis-related hearing loss, understanding its mechanisms and embracing innovative solutions become imperative. Through prevention, early intervention, and the transformative potential of regenerative medicine, we can bridge hope for those impacted by this condition.”
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your expert if you face any health issues to get the necessary treatment.]